Significance probability

The transition occurs with significant probability only if the frequency of the light is very close to the familiar resonance condition, namely hv = AE, where h is Planck s constant and AE is the difference in energy of the... 

Self-absorption occurs when the path-length is too large [35] and the X-rays emitted have a significant probability of being absorbed by the remainder of the sample before being detected. This has the consequence of reducing the amplitude of the EXAFS oscillations and producing erroneous results. As the sample becomes more dilute this probability decreases. All the atoms in the sample determine the amount of self-absorption hence the need for thin samples. 

This value ranges from 0 to 1. The probability that a given number of actives or greater, that is, the cumulative significant probability, is then simply the complement ... 

In an alternative approach, critical values of Spearman s rank correlation coefficient, tabulated as a function of observation size and significance probability [32], are employed. The 5% critical value is 0.738 when N = 8, hence rs = 0.369 is not significant (not even at the 10% level, with critical value 0.643). 

Figure 7.4. Comparison of a test result, including uncertainty, against a limit, (a) The result indicates that the material tested complies with a low probability that it does not comply, (b) The result indicates compliance, but the uncertainty leads to a significant probability that the tested material does not comply, (c) The result indicates noncompliance, but the uncertainty leads to a significant probability that the tested material does, in fact, comply, (d) The result indicates that the material tested does not comply with a low probability that, in reality, it does comply.

The method of importance sampling confines the exploration of configurational space to regions of significant probability. In general, a particle is selected and displaced in a particular direction. In the case of a molecule, there is the possibility of displacement and rotation of the molecule about a fixed axis. The direction and degree of movement are selected at random. The energy of the new trial state, tria, is accepted if it is more favorable than the previous, initiai, or if... 

The high intensity of laser light (lots of photons per cm3) gives significant probability to transitions in which two photons, rather than one, are absorbed. Such two-photon processes are a field of active study. 

An extremely important operating requirement for the MPF is the safe shutdown and restarting of the unit if there is a loss of the air supply for combustion, loss of exhaust fan capacity, or both. A loss of electrical power is the usual cause of such an occurrence. If this happens, there is a significant probability that the munitions in the MPF will still be vaporizing uncombusted agent when the furnace temperature drops below 1,200°F. At JACADS, the solution was to cool the furnace to 400°F with water sprays, then to back the trays into a buffer storage zone upstream of the MPF (MR E, 1996). Once the furnace was restarted, the trays were processed normally. 

However, it is possible to probe such a relativistic dynamics with a second field with a lower frequency, so that multiphoton absorption, leading to ATI, can take place. In order to ionize such a stabilized atom with a significant, probability, the second field must force the electron wave function to explore again the vicinity of the nucleus to be able to absorb energy (i.e. photons). This can he achieved by chosing parallel polarizations and field strength intensities and frequencies such that the characteristic excursion lengths [Pg.114]

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