Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy,

Fleischauer, P.D. and Tolentino, L.U., Structural Studies of Sputtered MoSj Films by Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Proc, 3rd Inti. Conf. on Solid Lubrication, Denver, Colorado, (7-10 Aug. 1984), ASLE SP-14, p. 223. 

Bligaard T, Nprskov JK (2008) Heterogeneous Catalysis, In Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM, Nprskov JK (eds) Chemical bonding at surfaces and interfaces. Elsevier 255-322 AUyn CL, Gustafsson T, Plummer EW (1977) The chemisorption of CO on Cu(lOO) studied with angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Sohd State Commun 24 531... 

Given adequately prepared surfaces, angle-resolved photoemission and the various yield spectroscopies have been used to investigate filled and empty surface states, respectively. Results of angle-resolved photoemission measurements have been published by Knapp and Lapeyre [181], Williams et al. [182], Knapp et al. [183] and Huijser et al. [184], A typical set of angle-resolved photoelectron energy distributions (AREDCs) due to Huijser et al. [184] is shown in Fig. 16, in which four structures labelled B , SM S2 and B2 are observed. They are ascribed to emission from filled intrinsic states since they disappear on exposure to 10s L of H2. As we shall see below, B , S and S2 are primarily As-derived, while B2 is mainly a Gas-like state bonded to Asp-states. 

A particularly useful variety of UPS is angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), also called angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) [, 62]. In this technique, measurements are made of the valence band photoelectrons emitted into a small angle as the electron emission angle or photon energy is varied. This allows for the simultaneous determination of the kinetic energy and momentum of the photoelectrons with respect to the two-dimensional surface Brillouin zone. From this information, the electronic band structure of a single-crystal material can be experimentally determined. 

Electron spectroscopy is a very powerful and well established tool to investigate the electronic structure of solids [1]. Angle resolving photoelectron spectroscopy directly enables to yield results on the electronic band structure. The use of tunable photon energies allows a band mapping across the Brillouin zone. 

ARUPS photoelectron spectroscopy Angle-resolved ultraviolet Yes5,41,232,324,325 No... 

Acronyms ARUPS (angle resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy) ARPES (angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy)... 

The interface chemistry of thin films can also be studied by using angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (5). As the angle between the sample normal and the entrance slit of the analyzer (9) is increased, the sampled depth is decreased by the cos 0. At grazing electron take-off... 

Even more detailed information, in particular on the electronic character of the excited-state wave function, can be obtained by time, energy and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. In this case, the signal can be expressed in terms of the coefficients of the partial-wave decomposition... 

Auger electron appearance potential spectroscopy Auger electron spectroscopy Atomic force microscopy Azimuthal photoelectron diffraction Appearance potential spectroscopy Angle-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy Angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure... 

From the large number of experimental methods employed currently in the analysis of surfaces (see, e.g., Morrison (1977) and Blakely (1975)), X-ray electron spectroscopy (XES), angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) are the ones which are most widely used for the study of the electronic states of the external layers of refractory phases. Their basic ideas and technical details are described in a number of monographs, see for example Nemoshkalenko et al (1976), Gallon (1981) and Briggs and Sinha (1987). 

ARPES angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy DADI direct analysis of daughter ions... 

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