Spectrometer balloon borne

A balloon-borne, open path, tunable diode laser spectrometer (21) provides a particularly elegant technique that combines the advantages of in situ and remote sampling. The radiation absorption path is defined by the laser on the balloon gondola and a retro reflector suspended up to 500 m below. Thus, a well-defined parcel of air is analyzed and the effects of sampling inlets are avoided. NO, NO , HN03, N20, and 03 have been measured simultaneously (22). 

Further extension of in situ ion composition measurements into the even denser stratospheric layer required greatly improved mass spectro-metric techniques and became feasible only in 1977 using balloon-borne mass spectrometers. The first negative ion composition measurements in... 

Table 1 - Stratospheric positive ion species detected by balloon-borne mass spectrometers (Schlager and Arnold, submitted for publication).

Figure 16. (a) Schematic diagram of the balloon-borne IR spectrometer. Key SSI-6, sun sensor W, attenuator CMcont., command controller RL, relay HV, high voltage power supply and MPX, multiplexer. 

IR spectrometers, 312-14 spectral data processing, 317-19 spectrometers, 297-320 Balloon-borne IR spectrometer, 314-17 -Benzosemiquinone anion, time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy, 179 Bias flash, In charge-injection devices, 123... 

Figure 5.29. Measured concentration of OH and H02 on 30 April 1997 at 69°N, 149°W 9 15 local solar time using a balloon-borne thermal emission far-infrared transform spectrometer. From Jucks et al. (1998).

Spreng, S., and F. Arnold, Balloon-borne mass spectrometer measurements of HNO3 and HCN in the winter Arctic stratosphere-Evidence for HN03-processing by aerosols. Geophys Res Lett 21, 1251, 1994. 

THE NEUTRON SPECTRUM INSIDE THE SHIELDING OF BALLOON-BORNE GE SPECTROMETERS... 

The neutron spectra that we calculate for various balloon borne Ge spectrometers have made possible a re-estimation of the continuum background components due to p decays. It is shown that the enriched Ge produces more p" than expected. The model spectra also explain the poorly understood spectral features of Ge detectors e.g. the behaviour of the neutron activation line at 198 keV and the increase of the background in the 1.5-4 MeV range, which is due to an enhanced production of isotopes that disintegrate via p" decays. 

The neutron spectrum inside the shielding of balloon-borne Ge spectrometers... 

Hofmann, R., Drapatz, S., Michel, K. W. (1977). Lamellar grating Fourier spectrometer for balloon-borne telescope. Infrared Physics, 17,451-6. 

Mallia, Blackwell and Petford, 1970 [213] reported about features attributable to the water vapor molecule in solar spectra. These were found by a balloon borne spectrometer (in order to avoid the disturbing absorption of the Earth s atmosphere) by Woolf et al., 1964 [365] in the following bands 1.13 pm, 1.4 pm, 1.9 pm and... 

Our current understanding of the chemical nature of atmospheric ions and their role in atmospheric aerosol and trace gas processes derives primarily from in situ ion composition measurements using rocket-, balloon-, and aircraft-borne mass spectrometers [11, 12] as well as from laboratory studies of ion-molecule reactions and ion nucleation [13, 14]. 

Most recently, in 1984, detailed ion composition measurements could for the first time be performed in the stratopause region by our group [31], using a newly designed parachute-borne dropsonde mass spectrometer payload, which is carried by a rocket up to 60 km altitude and subsequently separated from the rocket motor. Positive and negative ion composition data could be obtained between about 30 and 60 km altitude. Thus, the gap between the regions covered by conventional rocket (above about 60 km) and balloon measurements (below 45-40 km) could be closed. 

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