Spectrofluorimetry

Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician , Universita di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy e-mail alberto.credi unibo.it 

Ceroni (ed.), The Exploration of Supramolecular Systems and Nanostructures by Photochemical Techniques, Lecture Notes in Chemistry 78, 

Furthermore, although in this chapter we will mainly deal with photoluminescence (i.e., luminescence arising from an excited state created by the absorption of light), it is important to underline at this point that (electro-)chemiluminescence (luminescence arising from an excited state generated by an (electro-)chemical reaction), has made analytical potentials even stronger. 

It is also important to note here that, as it will be discussed in detail later on, there are instrumental factors that can deceive users not famihar with this technique, by making bands appear in the emission (or excitation) spectrum that 

In conclusion, (photo)luminescence techniques can offer a very promising solution (if not the only one) when it is necessary to have very high sensitivity, with the plus of requiring a generally cheap and easy-to-use instrumentation. However, a superficial approach can lead to major mistakes, and for this reason to interpret the data obtained it is important to know the instrumental technique in detail. This chapter has been conceived with this aim in mind. 

---

Deposit character of, (eg) 509 Deposition completeness of, 507 potentials of metals, 508 Derivative spectrofluorimetry 733 Derivative spectrophotometry 668 Derivatisation in chromatography, gas, 236 liquid, 228 in fluorimetry, 735 Desiccants 99 Desiccators 98 cooling of crucible in, 100 desiccants for, 99 Scheibler type, 99 uses of, 100 vacuum, 100... 

Specific absorption coefficient 650 Specific gravities solutions of acids, (T) 829 of selected reagents (T), 829 Spectral half bandwidth 663 Spectrofluorimetry 731 Spectrograph adjustment of, 771 commercial instruments, 761, 775, 776 Spectrographic analysis see Emission spectrographic analysis... 

Epstein, M. S. Velapoldl, R. A. Blackburn, D. Evaluation of Luminescent Glass Spheres as Calibration Standards for Micro-spectrofluorimetry National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, MD Annual Task Report to Food and Drug Administration, 1984, 1985, 1986 also, paper to be submitted. 

Abstract Protoberberine alkaloids and related compounds represent an important class of molecules and have attracted recent attention for their various pharmacological activities. This chapter deals with the physicochemical properties of several isoquinoline alkaloids (berberine, palmatine and coralyne) and many of their derivatives under various environmental conditions. The interaction of these compounds with polymorphic DNA structures (B-form, Z-form, H -form, protonated form, triple helical form and quadruplex form) and polymorphic RNA structures (A-form, protonated form, triple helical form and quadruplex form) reported by several research groups, employing various analytical techniques such as spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, circular dichro-ism, NMR spectroscopy, viscometry as well as molecular modelling and thermodynamic analysis to elucidate their mode and mechanism of action for structure-activity relationships, are also presented. 

Alkaloids Spectrophotometry Spectrofluorimetry Isothermal titration calorimetry ... 

Chemical Testing. Adequate instrumentation for a variety of different test methods should be available. Most stability-indicating chemical assays are performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Occasionally, gas chromatography, infrared spectrophotometry, or spectrofluorimetry are used. Test... 

Aluminium Flow injection with in-line pre-concentration on column of resin immobilised-8-hydroxyquinoline Spectrofluorimetry - [859]... 

Cerium Ce(IV) co-precipitation with ferric hydroxide, dissolution in hydrochloric acid, then passed through a column of bis (2 ethyl hexyl) phosphate on poly(vinylchloride), eluted with 0.3 M perchloric acid Spectrofluorimetry at 350 nm (excitation 255 nm) [626]... 

Zinc Complexation withp-tosyl-8-aminoquinoline and adsorption on cation exchange resin Spectrofluorimetry 0.1 nM absolute [609]... 

Harris DA, Bashford CL. Spectrophotometry and Spectrofluorimetry, IRL Press, Oxford, UK, 1987. 

Tena et al. [52] carried out a screening of polyaromatic hydrocarbon types in soil by on-line fibre optic interfaced supercritical fluid extraction spectrofluorimetry. 

Saber et al. [75] reported on the quantitative determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in extracts of lacustrine sediments using high resolution Shpol skii Spectrofluorimetry at 10°K. 

Garrigues and Emald [76] give details of a procedure for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment samples by high resolution Spectrofluorimetry in n-alkane matrices. 

Saber et al. [75] used high resolution Shpol skii spectrofluorimetry at 10°K to quantitatively determine polyaromatic hydrocarbons in lacustral sediments. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons incorporated into w-alkanc matrix... 

Saar and Weber [1] compared methods based on spectrofluorimetry and ion-selective electrode potentiometry for determining the complexes formed between fulvic acid and heavy metal ions. 

Various analytical techniques have been employed to determine the drug content in nanoparticles after the separation procedures. High performance liquid chromatography and UV/vis spectroscopy are two of the most extensively used techniques [133], Other techniques used include scintillation counting [186], spectrofluorodensitometry [176], microbiological assays [136], spectrofluorimetry [187], and polarization fluoroimmunanalysis [67],... 

Gore MG (2000) Spectrophotometry and Spectrofluorimetry A Practical Approach, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, USA. 

Those experimentalists who use spectrophotometry or spectrofluorimetry to measure rates of biochemical reactions should always be mindful that bubble clearance frequently displays first-order kinetics. This applies to bubbles adhering to the inside wall of the cuvette as well as bubbles released from solution itself. The presence of bubbles within a cuvette may introduce artifactual kinetic behavior resulting (a) from refractive index differences between the gas trapped in the bubbles and that of the test solution, and (b) from the high reflectance of the air/water interface surrounding some bubbles. 

Because of its greater sensitivity many drugs arc amenable to measurement by spectrofluorimetry at the low concentrations at which they occur... 

---