Chapters Spectrofluorimetry

Abstract Protoberberine alkaloids and related compounds represent an important class of molecules and have attracted recent attention for their various pharmacological activities. This chapter deals with the physicochemical properties of several isoquinoline alkaloids (berberine, palmatine and coralyne) and many of their derivatives under various environmental conditions. The interaction of these compounds with polymorphic DNA structures (B-form, Z-form, H -form, protonated form, triple helical form and quadruplex form) and polymorphic RNA structures (A-form, protonated form, triple helical form and quadruplex form) reported by several research groups, employing various analytical techniques such as spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, circular dichro-ism, NMR spectroscopy, viscometry as well as molecular modelling and thermodynamic analysis to elucidate their mode and mechanism of action for structure-activity relationships, are also presented. 

The element may be determined at 196.0 nm by A AS, using a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame (which is more transparent than air-acetylene at this low wavelength), or by AFS in a variety of flames.46,47 The detection limit of both techniques for selenium is around 1 mg 1 1, too low to be useful for environmental analyses. The element is therefore invariably determined by hydride generation techniques, coupled to AAS or AFS detection, as discussed in Chapter 6, section 2, or by furnace AAS, or occasionally by solution spectrofluorimetry using 2,3-diaminonaphthalene as a reagent. If direct flame AAS or AFS are to be used for some reason, then pre-concentration by solvent extraction is necessary.1 However, this approach is rarely used nowadays. 

Inorganic Ions in Glasses and Polycrystalline Pellets as Huorescence Standard Reference Materials, Chapter in Accuracy in Spectrophotometry and Spectrofluorimetry, Ed. by N. B. S. (1972). 

Coverage includes B vitamins and folate in the context of a historical background, disease, cardiovascular effects and the importance of vitamins in biochemistry as illustrated by a single vitamin. Thereafter there are chapters on the chemistry and biochemistry of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate and cobalamin. Methodical aspects include characterization and assays of B vitamins and folate in foods of all kinds, dietary supplements, biological fluids and tissues. The techniques cover solid-phase extraction, spectrofluorimetry, mass spectrometry, HPLC, enzymatic assay, biosensor and chemiluminescence. In terms of fimction and effects or... 

To study the interaction of retinol-binding protein (RBP) with its plasma carrier, transthyretin (TTR), spectrofluorimetry, and circular dichroism have previously been used. Both these techniques require milligram quantities of the proteins and this sets limitations on the use of these techniques for the study of RBP-TTR interactions using recombinant proteins. The Escherichia coll expression system described in Chapter 11 does not readily produce milligram quantities of RBP for routine use. For this reason, we have developed a highly sensitive method which employs radioiodinated I-RBP (unpublished). The method requires only microgram quantities of protein. This chapter describes a method to radioiodinate RBP without loss of activity and protocols for its use in the study of its interaction with TTR. 

The essentials of a quantum mechanical treatment of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules is described in the first chapter, and the second one deals with supramolecular photochemistry, with particular emphasis on energy and electron transfer with a description of the Marcus theory. The following chapters are devoted to the different photochemical and photophysical techniques spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry, actinometry, absorption and luminescence techniques with polarized light excitation, time-resolved absorption and luminescence spectroscopy, down to femtosecond resolution. Each... 

---