Specific energy absorption rate

On the other hand, the specific local photon absorption rate (in [imolhi/ kg s ) (x) = fpyiKkinetic rates and radiant energy absorption rates can be easily formulated from the definition, as for any photo-reactive process (Cassano et al., 1995 Comet and Dussap, 2009 Comet et al., 2003 Pmvost and Comet, 2012), of the overall quantum yield as follows ... 

The first situation that can be envisaged concerns functioning close to the compensation point for photosynthesis (very low specific photon absorption rates 0) corresponding to the strongest physical limitation by radiant light energy transfer. In this condition, the specific rate is the... 

The specific absorption rate (SAR) expresses the energy absorption rate of an electromagnetic field impinging on human body tissue. It is defined as the time derivative (ie, the speed) of the infinitesimal energy dW, absorbed by an infinitesimal portion... 

The energy absorbed by the magnetic particles under an applied external AC magnetic field is described by the specific absorption rate [SAR the term specific loss power (SEP) may also be used in some cases]. The SAR can be determined as ... 

Contrary to the complete expression estabhshed previously by the authors for photobioreactors (Comet et al., 1994), the specific radiant fight absorption rate here is ignored in the dissipation fimction because the radiant fight energy in the photochemical process was taken into account directly in the affinity definitions (see Eqs. (131) to (134)). 

For impact, the elongation at break of 2.2% and the stress at break of 135 MPa represent a minimum of volume-specific energy because the stress increases with higher rates of deformation, but the elongation at break remains constant. If the stress-strain distribution in the polymer component is known, one can estimate the minimum energy absorption capacity. 

Ideal Treatment Volume and Temperature Distribution. Heating pattern or specific absorption rate (SAR) induced by external devices is defined as the heat energy deposited in the tissue or tumor per second per unit mass or volume of tissue. In optimal treatment planning, it is the temperature rather than the SAR distribution that is optimized in the treatment plan. The maximum temperature generally occurs in the tissue region with heat deposition. However, one should note that SAR and temperature distribution may not have the same profile, since temperature distribution can also be affected by the environment or imposed boundary conditions. 

MNP-based hyperthermia is the most prominent method to conduct this noninvasive technique, without affecting healthy tissues. In an alternating magnetic field (AMF), MNPs vibrate and produce heat energy and their efficiency to produce heat is measured in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR) [34]. MNPs are good candidates since they have high MR T2 relaxivity and SAR and MRI-guided thermal ablation for cancer can be achieved [35]. 

Specific absorption rate (SAR) The deposition of energy over time into a body. The units are generally watts per kilogram of body mass. This is the attribute on which findings by various researchers can be compared and on which the exposure standards base their guidehnes. 

Free falling dart. ATS FAAR supplies the Fall-o-Scope Universal apparatus for impact resistance tests with free or guided fall taps (Table 18 ). The apparatus can be set to obtain the rate of energy absorption dnring the impact. The apparatus is capable of performing tests to different specifications with computerised operation in the temperatnre range 70-200 "C. 

Specific absorption rate/Intrinsic loss parameter. The amount of energy absorbed during exposure to an electromagnetic radiation is commonly estimated through the whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) ... 

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