Speciation, organic compound analysis

This example illustrates a range of problems that are symptomatic in quantitation and standardisation which appear in speciation analysis and in determination of organic compounds in solids. Organotin compounds (e.g. methyltin, butyltin, phenyltin) comprise one of the most thoroughly studied groups of organometallic compounds found in environmental samples. 

Compared to GC or HPLC, CE is used far less frequently for the environmental analysis of organic compounds.35 36 In the case of organometallic speciation, there appears to be a gradual increase in the... 

A case that joins the problems of trace organic and inorganic analysis is speciation analysis, whose importance has been appreciated in the last few decades. Speciation studies became the center of interest of inorganic analysts when they demonstrated that various derivatives of the same element can exert fully different chemical and biological activities. Speciation analysis requires determination, at the trace level, of organic compounds of metals and nonmetals in various environmental objects. These compounds can be fully of anthropogenic origin... 

Many methods have been developed for the determination of total arsenic, and of its inorganic and organic compounds. Typical detailed reviews on As analysis in general include those of Irgolic (1992) and Frances-coni et al. (1994). Recent reviews on arsenic speciation analysis include a general overview by Gong et al. (2002), speciation in contaminated soils by Garcia-Manyes et al. 

Speciation analysis can involve the measurement of discrete chemical compounds (e.g., methylmercury chloride, tributyltin oxide, arsenobetaine), or in some cases different oxidation states or the identification of common classes of compounds that might be operationally defined on the basis of their reactivity, size, or some other physicochemical property. Speciation analysis methods are generally more complex than procedures used for measuring total metal concentrations. This review focuses primarily on trace elements the diverse speciation of carbon (i.e., organic chemistry) and the analysis of organic compounds are not covered. 

---