Special Core Analysis

Keywords d rec methods, indirect methods, rock properties, coring, core barrel, standard core analysis, special core analysis, slabbed core, sidewall samples, direct indications, microfossils, sonde, logging unit, invasion, mudcake, formation pressure measurement, fluid sampling, measurement while drilling, formation evaluation while drilling. 

Special core analysis will include measurements of ... 

In core laboratories, we distinguish between Routine Core Analysis (RCAL) and Special Core Analysis (SCAL) (see Fig. 1.11). 

Pore space properties are important for the description and characterization of pore volume and fluid flow behaviour of reservoirs. Laboratory techniques (standard and special core analysis) deliver fundamental properties. Thin sec-timis and microscopic or scanning electron microscopic (SEM) investigations are used for description and computer-aided analysis. Sophisticated techniques result in digitized core images (Ams et al., 2005 Kayser et al., 2006) and the development of a virtual rock physics laboratory (Dvorkin et al., 2008). 

Shale properties (Rsh,BQy) Shale resistivity or shale conductivity in many practical applications is derived from the resistivity of an adjacent thick shale bed or by crossplot techniques. The property for the Waxman-Smits equation Bgv,CEC is subject of special core analysis measurements. 

Kalam, M.Z., 2012. Digital rock physics for fast and accurate special core analysis in carbonates. In Gomes, J.S. (Ed.), New Technologies in the Oil and Gas Industry. InTech, ISBN 978-953-51-0825-2. http //dx.doi.org/10.5772/52949. Available from http //... 

Kleinberg, R.L., New Techniques in Sediment Core Analysis, Geological Society of London, Special Publication (Rothwell, R.G, ed.), 267, 179 (2006). 

Chloride content Chloride corrosion General Core in 10 min 7-80 per day (small or large diameter) or drillings in 2 min 100-250 per day -I-lab or special site analysis... 

Core analysis is a special discipline of experimental rock evaluation. It is based on the direct determination of reservoir rock properties on samples. There are two types of core acquisition from wells ... 

A long evolving use of PSA was for Anticipated Transients without Scram (ATWS) which extended over 15 years to culminate in NUREG-0460 which was upset by the Salem failure-to-scram incident and the subsequent SECY Letter 83-28. Other special studies have been (a) value-impact analysis (VIA.) studies of alternative containment concepts (e.g., vented containment, NUREG/CR-0165), (b) auxiliary feedwater studies, (c) analysis of DC power requirements, (d) station blackout (NUREG/CR-3220), and (e) precursors to potential core-damage accident.s (NUREG/CR-2497), to name a few of the NRC sponsored studies. 

The MARS software is adapted and compiled specifically for a given application. The software is organized into modules which can be interchanged as needed for a particular implementation. Most modules comprise a core of management, analysis, reporting, and plotting functions which are used for every implementation. For each application, a data acquisition module is adapted to suit the appropriate instrumentation. In addition, specialized analysis programming is added if required. The acquisition module, the core modules, and the specialized analysis modules, if any, are then linked into a customized application specific version of MARS. 

Surface samples were collected in snow pits under ultra-clean conditions described elsewhere [13] with the exception that samples for anion analysis were collected in polystyrene cups precleaned without the use of acids. Ice core samples were cleaned to remove surface contamination using the "dry-core" procedure involving rinsing and melting of exterior surfaces with ultra-pure water [13]. Shallow-depth firn cores are permeable and the dry-core rinsing is unsuitable. Therefore an inner core of 2.5 cm diameter was taken from intervals of the 7.6 cm diameter South Pole firn core using a specially-built precleaned stainless steel corer within a -15 °C cold room. Prior to this coring, exposed ends of core sections were shaved away with precleaned stainless steel chisels. 

Although benchtop cytometers are less expensive than state-of-the-art instrumentation, they are still expensive. Therefore core facilities with shared instrumentation still provide for much of the current flow cytometric analysis. These shared facilities reflect a need by many for flow cytometric instrumentation, but also recognition of its high cost, its requirement for skilled maintenance and operation, and the fact that many users from many departments may each require less than full-time access. Such centralized facilities may have more than one cytometer. The trend now is to have one or more sophisticated instruments for specialized procedures accompanied by several bench-... 

From the perspective of this symposium, analysis of the atomic dynamics and electronic structure of surfaces constitutes an even more exotic topic than surface atomic geometry. In both cases attention has been focused on a small number of model systems, e.g., single crystal transition metal and semiconductor surfaces, using rather specialized experimental facilities. General reviews have appeared for both atomic surface dynamics (21) and spectroscopic measurements of the electronic structure of single-crystal surfaces (, 22). An important emerging trend in the latter area is the use of synchrotron radiation for studying surface electronic structure via photoemission spectroscopy ( 23) Moreover, the use of the very intense synchrotron radiation sources also will enable major improvements in the application of core-level photoemission for surface chemical analysis (13). 

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