Speaking manner

In a simple-speaking manner, dtotai represents a collision area therefore, it only has a meaning when there are two particles colliding. It measures the probability that one of the particles is scattered by the other in any direction 6. Generally speaking, we can define the total cross-section for the process i as... 

Let us start at an elementary level or with a typically "chemical" view. Suppose we ask an undergraduate chemistry student how quantum mechanics explains the periodic table. If the student has been going to classes and reading her book she will respond that the number of outer-shell electrons determines, broadly speaking, which elements share a common group in the periodic table. The student might possibly also add that the number of outer-shell electrons causes elements to behave in a particular manner. 

There are, broadly speaking, three possible mechanisms that have been considered for the uncatalyzed Diels-Alder reaction. In mechanism a there is a cyclic six-centered transition state and no intermediate. The reaction is concerted and occurs in one step. In mechanism b, one end of the diene fastens to one end of the dienophile first to give a diradical, and then, in a second step, the other ends become fastened. A diradical formed in this manner must be a singlet that is, the... 

With reference to an actual polymer molecule we should, of course, speak of the potential at a point within the molecule, since the potential will decrease radially from its center in the manner dictated by the spatial distribution of the fixed charges (which like the segment density, may often be approximated by a Gaussian distribution) and that of the counter-ions. For the purpose of the present qualitative discussion, however, we refer merely to the potential finside the molecule. 

The software life cycle activities extend until retirement of the software. However, in a manner of speaking, life cycle activities extend even beyond retirement since the data must be able to be reconstructed at any time during the life of the product, i.e., the archived record must always be accessible and readable even if the software is no longer commercially available or typically employed in the laboratory. Additional software validation includes implementation of the code and integration and performance testing. There also must be system security, change control procedures, audit trails, calibration, preventative maintenance, and quality assurance. 

Rigorous kinetic analysis has shown [41] that the products of binary copolymerization, formed under the conditions of constant concentrations of monomers, may be described by the extended Markov chain with four states Sa, if to label monomeric units conventionally coloring them in red and black. Unit Ma is presumed to be black when the corresponding monomer Ma adds to the radical as the first monomer of the complex. In other cases, when monomer Ma adds individually or as the second monomer of the complex, the unit Ma is assumed to be red. As a result the state of a monomeric unit is characterized by two attributes, one of which is its type (a=l,2) while the second one is its color (r,b). For example, we shall speak about the unit being in the state Sx provided it is of the first type and red-colored, i.e. Mrx. The other states Sa are determined in a similar manner ... 

Let us now assume momentarily that the elastomers are perfect, in the sense that all functional groups (originally present in equivalent amounts) have reacted in such a manner that no sol exists. Under such idealized conditions, each molecule of monohydroxy PPO will in effect produce one inactive junction. (Strictly speaking, i molecules of monohydroxy PPO can produce somewhat more than i inactive junctions.) Thus, the concentration of junctions in the network becomes about 0.073 mole/kg instead of 0.100 mole/kg (Table II). As each junction gives 3/2 chains, the modulus, after equating h to zero in eq 1, is given by... 

Correctly speaking, there is no such thing as "Modem Alchemy" not that Mysticism is dead, or that men no longer seek to apply the principles of Mysticism to phenomena on the physical plane, but they do so after another manner from that of the alchemists. A new science, however, is bom amongst us, closely related on the one hand to Chemistry, on the other to Physics, but dealing with changes more profound and reactions more deeply seated than are dealt with by either of these a science as yet without a name, unless it be the not altogether satisfactory one of "Radioactivity." It is this science, or, perhaps we should say, a certain aspect of it, to which we refer (it may be fantastically) by the expression "Modem Alchemy" the aptness of the title we hope to make plain in the course of the present chapter. 

Strictly speaking, every probability is a conditional probability. For instance, P<(1) is the probability of finding site i occupied given the condition that the experiment of selecting site i and determining its state of occupation has been performed. In general, the condition the experiment. .. has been performed is suppressed whenever this is the only condition. However, whenever the experiment may be performed in various ways, one must specify the exact manner in which it is performed, since this could affect the probabilities of the various outcomes. 

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