Spatial and Temporal Separation

This refers to the distance between the planting of crops that produce biopharmaceuticals and other, conventional crops for feed or the buffer zones between fields of the same species. When the use of physical isolation and 

---

These two processes are closely coupled in prokaryotes, whereas they are spatially and temporally separate in eukaryotes. 

The PTR-MS technique has been extensively discussed in a series of review papers [4 6,8-13]. Briefly, it combines a soft, sensitive, and efficient mode of chemical ionization, adapted to the analysis of trace VOCs, with a quadrupole mass filter. The gas to be analyzed is continuously introduced into the chemical ionization cell (drift tube) and ionized by proton transfer from H3O+. The protonated VOCs are extracted by a small electrical field from the drift tube and mass analyzed by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The specific aspect of the chemical ionization scheme in PTR-MS is that the generation of the primary H30 ions, and the chemical ionization process, VOC + H30 V0CH" " + H2O, are spatially and temporally separated and can therefore be individually optimized. 

Ion implantation has become the dominant doping technique, particularly in the fabrication of bipolar-CMOS devices and in the formation of shallow junctions. Laser ablation sampling coupled with ICP-MS was applied recently to the determination of total dopant dose. Since this technique spatially and temporally separates the sampling and ionization steps, it has the potential to produce more quantitative results than SIMS for trace elements in a given matrix. Wafer surface analysis can also be used to monitor the contamination induced hy different process steps. The importance, in terms of contamination contrihution, of the chamber components used for film deposition and ion implantation was demonstrated, as was the effect of cleaning bath solution purity. ... 

It turns out that, in the CML, the local temporal period-doubling yields spatial domain structures consisting of phase coherent sites. By domains, we mean physical regions of the lattice in which the sites are correlated both spatially and temporally. This correlation may consist either of an exact translation symmetry in which the values of all sites are equal or possibly some combined period-2 space and time symmetry. These coherent domains are separated by domain walls, or kinks, that are produced at sites whose initial amplitudes are close to unstable fixed points of = a, for some period-rr. Generally speaking, as the period of the local map... 

In general, the fluctuations observed in nonlinear optics are both spatial and temporal the variations of the quantities of interest occur to a large extent independently in time and in space. However, in many cases the spatial modes in a system are well separated the dynamics of interest is then just that of a few dominant modes. The appearance of such modes is typical for high-Q active and... 

Ventilation is often adopted as a control measure to keep VOCs and C02 below specified threshold levels. The effect of operation of the ventilation system on spatial and temporal profiles is illustrated from two separate buildings. With adequate ventilation, the C02 levels are easily controlled within threshold levels. However, VOCs present a problem due to their build-up overnight between the time of ventilation shutdown after office hours and its reactivation in the morning just before occupancy. Purging the building as an effective means to reduce the exposure risks is discussed and illustrated. Some concluding remarks on other changes to indoor exposures are made at the end of the chapter. 

---