Spartium

Spartium junceum. Sparteine eytisine only in New Zealand... 

BROOM -- ( Genista, Cytisus, Spartium spp.). Family Leguminosae (Bean family). 

Material Blossoms of any of several species including Canary Island broom (Genista canariensis), Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), and Spanish broom (Spartium junceum). 

Laburnum anagyroides (laburnum) [seed], Lupinus alba, Baptisia, Cytisus, Genista, Sophora, Spartium, Thermopsis, Ulex spp. (Fabaceae)... 

Chrysin) Spartium (Fabaceae), Scutellaria [13] (CKII, MLCK, PKA)... 

L. nigra, Piptanthus nanus, Sarothamnus sp., Spartium junceum (Fabaceae), Aconitum napellus (Ranunculaceae)... 

Phenolic Capsaicin (= tow-8-Methyl- Sarothamnus, Spartium spp. (Fabaceae), Aconitum napellus (Ranunculaceae) Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper, stimulant, oxytocic, toxic] 4.3Cp V-K+ CH (VAN-R, V-Na+... 

Lupanine Quinolizidine Lupinus, Genista, Cytisus Laburnum, Spartium Yes No... 

N-Methylcytisine Quinolizidine Spartium junceum Osyris alba... 

The traditional method of essential oil analysis is to extract the plant material by steam distillation or with solvent and then fractionally distil the oil or extract and isolate individual components by chromatographic techniques for subsequent identification by spectroscopic methods. At each step the odour of the fractions and isolates is assessed and those with the desired characteristics are investigated further. To answer the enquiry about the key odour components of broom absolute, first a sample of the absolute that is of an acceptable odour quality is obtained. The absolute is the alcoholic extract of the concrete, which is itself the solvent extract of the flowers of Spartium junceum, Spanish broom, often referred to by its French name Genet. The odour of any natural extract can vary according to the geographical origin and quality of the plant material, the time of year it is harvested and the extraction method used. If no sample of adequate quality is commercially available then the fresh flowers would be obtained from the plant and the extraction carried out in the laboratory. 

A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several brooms and lupins (Fabaceae), including Lupi-nus, Spartium and Cytisus. It has been used as an oxytocic and an anti-arrhythmia agent. Cardiac stimulant, higher doses - muscular trembling, inco-ordination, emesis, catharsis and finally paralysis of the respiratory and motor centres, cardiac arrest. 

Spartii Juncei ilos Broorntlowers Spartium junceum L. Fcibaceae (Leguminosae)... 

In the areas of the oldest mining works, shruhs like Spartium junceum L. and Rubus ulmifolius Scott dominate, while in the youngest ones, a colonizer like Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton dominates. Herbs, mainly mderal ones, are often the most abundant plants. Chamaephytes (e.g. Helichrysum italicum (Roth) Don. and Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser.) are also very common. 

However, at the sites richest in Sb (S5 and S6), the wild species most palatable to livestock (D. hispanica, Hedysarum coronarium, M. sativa, Sanguisorba minor, Trifolium incarnatum. Trifolium pratense, Spartium junceum, green twigs and U. minor, leaves) have low Sb contents in their edible parts. Only P. lanceolata has considerable levels in its leaves (508 mg/kg). Therefore, there does not seem to be a particular risk to sheep or other domestic animals currently grazing in the study area. Nevertheless, more detailed studies of this topic are certainly necessary. 

Sparteine occnrs in yellow and black lupin beans (Lupinus luteus L. and L. niger). It also occnrs in other Lupinus species as well as in Cytisus and Spartium species. Therapentically, it is used as an oxytocic agent. 

Syn Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimm. ex W.D.J. Koch Spartium scoparium L. 

Seel, H. 1949. Pharmacological and clinical investigations on German medicinal plants. X. Sarothamnus scoparius Spartium scoparium) in the therapy of disturbances of the heart rhythm. Hippokrates 20 193-196. 

Sparteine, isolated from common broom Cytisus scoparius = Spartium sco-parium) (Fabaceae), also possesses a quinolizidine nucleus [1]. 

Plants of the parasite Cuscuta reflexa (Cuscutaceae or Convolvulaceae) acquire quinolizidine alkaloids from the host Spartium junceum (Hartmann, 1991). The species Cuscuta reflexa and C. platyloba take up alkaloids from a variety of legume host plants, including Cytisus praecox, Chamae-cytisus hirsutus, Petteria ramentacea, md Spartium junceum (Baumel et al., 1994). 

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