Space-time singularity

Recall the reciprocity between matter and curvature, implied by the theory of general relativity, to argue that the high-pressure condition at Z/N = 1 corresponds to extreme curvature of space-time caused by massive objects such as quasars, and the like. The argument implies that the Schrodinger solution is valid in empty, flat euclidean space-time, that Z/N = r corresponds to the real world, Z/N = 1 occurs in massive galactic objects where elemental synthesis happens, and Z/N > 1 implies infinite curvature at a space-time singularity. 

The separation of time-like and space-like events creates the impression of two types of response to increased curvature of space-time. If only space coordinates are curved it results in the inversion of the time coordinate and the conversion of matter into antimatter. This situation will be encountered in the Schwarzschild solution of the gravitational field equations, which serves as a model of a black hole, and assumed here to account for an inversion at Z/A = 1.04. It resembles the limitless time-like accumulation of matter, resulting in a space-time singularity. 

The anthropic principle is by no means the only baseless theoretical concept of standard cosmology. Perhaps equally prominent and equally spurious is quantum gravity. Although nobody has formulated such a theory it is being referenced as imbued with the capacity to generate universal wave functions that solve the problems around space-time singularities and cosmic probabilities. This could be the only instance where the solutions of a non-existent equation override empirical observations. 

Kundi.W. Recent Progress in Cosmology (Isotropy of 3 deg Background Radiation and Occurence of Space-Time Singularities) (Vol. 47) Kundt, W. Survey of Cosmology (Vol. 58)... 

The connection in this context owes its origin to the existence of singularities, or regions of space-time in which known laws of physics presumably break down [schiff93]. That singularities must be a part of space-time is a celebrated result due to Hawking and Penrose, who proved this result assuming only that space-time is a smooth manifold. 

The observation that both quasars and Seyfert galaxies appear to be exploding objects that release massive amounts of matter, ostensibly from nowhere [105] - p.343, in a mini-creation event, provides this mechanism. To complete the cycle it is only necessary to identify the black-hole singularity with the origin of the quasar emission. It becomes a viable possibility if the black hole and the quasar are on opposite sides of an interface between two regions of space-time. 

If two lines OT and QL represent the space-time loci of two material particles, the intercepts OL and OQ of singular lines between these loci have mathematically and physically zero length. Two atoms with such loci are... 

Another technique is often used to follow the progress for two reactions in series. The concentrations of A, B and C are plotted as a singular point at different space times (e.g., t/, ) on a triangular diagram (see Figure 6-4). 

Although the Godel solution is free of singularities the need to accommodate black holes in the cosmic model requires an interpretation of the Schwarzschild singularity which occurs with infinite curvature of space-time. A new interpretation is rather obvious. Such a high degree of curvature must clearly rupture the interface between adjacent sides of the postulated cosmic double cover. Rather than disappear into a singularity, the matter,... 

The introductory chapter summarizes the contentious issues which stimulate cosmological debate, including the chirality and self-similarity of space-time, the dark-matter postulate and the physical meaning of mathematical singularities. It cautions against the uncritical reliance on the rhetoric of authority and outlines the fundamental considerations which dictate the structure of the work that follows. 

An important aspect of quantum field theory in curved space-time is its description of Hawking radiation (seeHawking process). It is necessary to consider quantum gravity in the very early universe, just after the big bang, and the singularities associated with black holes can also be interpreted as requiting a quantum theory of gravity. 

For a simple product of fields it is easy to see the existence of a singularity as the space-time points approach each other. One has... 

Singularities and infinities are only unreachable on analysis in an inadequate number system. The irrational limits that emerge in three-dimensional space are regular points in four-dimensional space-time. By following natural numbers as they appear in three-dimensional theory of chemical systems invariably leads to irrational numbers, such as the golden ratio, which signals progression to four dimensions. 

It will be convenient to define a time and solution dependent transformation which proportions grid points on the derivative, will require that the grid will be tmiform in this so called computational space. In order to normalize, allow for optimization, and remove singularities we can write for the transformed coordinate C(x,t) (11) ... 

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