Space-resolved spectroscopy

Pulsed spark sources, in which the material to be analyzed is part of one electrode, are used for semiquantitative analyses. The numerous and complex processes involved in spark discharges have been studied in detail by time- and space-resolved spectroscopy (94). The temperature of d-c arcs, into which the analyte is introduced as an aerosol in a flowing carrier gas, eg, argon, is approximately 10,000 K. Numerous experimental and theoretical studies of stabilized plasma arcs are available (79,95). 

Summary. This Chapter focuses on the investigation of fast electron transport studies in solids irradiated at relativistic laser intensities. Experimental techniques based upon space-resolved spectroscopy are presented in view of their application to both ultrashort Ka X-ray sources and fast ignition studies. Spectroscopy based upon single-photon detection is unveiled as a complementary diagnostic technique, alternative to well established techniques based upon bent crystals. Application of this technique to the study of X-ray fluorescence emission from fast electron propagation in multilayer targets is reported and explored as an example case. 

Huang, Y. S., Karashkna, T., Yamamoto, M., and Hamaguchi, H. 2006. Molecular-level investigation of the structure, transformation, and bioactivity of single living flssion yeast cells by time- and space-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Biochemistry. 44 10009-19. 

Figure 50. Snapshots of oxygen incorporation experiments in Fe-doped SrTi03, recorded by in situ time and space resolved optical absorption spectroscopy.256 Rhs column refers to the corresponding oxygen concentration profiles, in a normalized representation. Top row refers a predominantly diffusion controlled case (single crystal), center row to a predominandy surface reaction controlled case (single crystal), bottom row to transport across depletion layers at a bicrystal interface.257,258 For more details on temperature, partial pressure, doping content, structure see Part I and Ref.257-259 Reprinted from J. Maier, Solid State Ionics, 135 (2000) 575-588. Copyright 2000 with permission from Elsevier.

The interaction of an ultrahigh-intensity laser with a dense plasma is of wide interest, as these lasers open up new horizons for research, such as fs X-ray radiation probing [1,2], energetic particle acceleration [3], and inertial confinement fusion [4,5]. A new spectroscopic method that provides the kind of time- and space-resolved information required to obtain a more quantitative understanding of energy deposition than that provided by particle measurements has been under development [5-8]. Because of the relatively low temperatures that can be accessed with current lasers, conventional K-shell line spectroscopy using near-fully ionized plasma is not suitable. 

A method to assay all phosphorous-containing metabolites at once is 31P-NMR spectroscopy (see the chapter by Sonnleitner in this volume - the section on NMR), the main limitation being the sensitivity for the very low-concentrated metabolites. NMR should be, in principle, also suitable for obtaining space-resolved (imaging) information [42], however, the technical difficulties have yet to be solved. 

SPACE a method of spatially resolved spectroscopy, not an acronym... 

In this review, we show our own results of thermal molecular motion of PS at the free surface by mainly scanning force microscopy and at the substrate interface by space-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. To do so, we also adopt coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation to strengthen experimental results. Finally, we... 

A whole chapter is devoted to time-resolved spectroscopy including the generation and detection of ultrashort light pulses. The principles of coherent spectroscopy, which have found widespread applications, are covered in a separate chapter. The combination of laser spectroscopy and collision physics, which has given new impetus to the study and control of chemical reactions, has deserved an extra chapter. In addition, more space has been given to optical cooling and trapping of atoms and ions. 

Space and Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Catalyst Bodies... 

I 70 Space and Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Catalyst Bodies (a) (b)... 

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