Fast electron transport

Summary. This Chapter focuses on the investigation of fast electron transport studies in solids irradiated at relativistic laser intensities. Experimental techniques based upon space-resolved spectroscopy are presented in view of their application to both ultrashort Ka X-ray sources and fast ignition studies. Spectroscopy based upon single-photon detection is unveiled as a complementary diagnostic technique, alternative to well established techniques based upon bent crystals. Application of this technique to the study of X-ray fluorescence emission from fast electron propagation in multilayer targets is reported and explored as an example case. 

Such an experimental characterization is a necessary step to carry out a detailed comparison of emission properties as measured experimentally with the corresponding quantities as calculated by numerical models capable of describing transport and energy deposition of fast electrons in matter and consequent emission of characteristic X-ray emission. A possible modeling approach of fast electron transport experiments is given here, where the above results on Ka imaging were interpreted using the hybrid code PETRA [53] to... 

In summary, the main issues were presented here concerning experimental investigation of fast-electron transport in solids irradiated at ultra-high intensity using high-power, femtosecond laser pulses. A discussion was given on... 

Fano interference, 32, 38 Fast electron distribution, 134 Fast electron generation, 123 Fast electron transport, 125 Fast electrons, 176 Fast-ignition, 124 Femtosecond supercontinuum, 94 Feynman s path integral, 73 Feynman s propagator, 76 Field parameter, 172 Filamentation, 82, 84, 112 Floquet ladder, 11 Fluorescence, 85, 125 FROG, 66 FROG-CRAB, 66... 

The idea that double-stranded DNA, the carrier of genetic information in most living organisms, may function as a conduit for fast electron transport... 

Bell AR, Davies JR, Guerin S, Ruhl H (1997) Fast-electron transport in high-intensity short-pulse laser-solid experiments. Plasma Phys Control Fusion 39 653-659... 

The inhibition of the fast electron transport in foams can be explained by the following scenario. The current of the fast electron beam produced in the experiments is greater than the Alfven limit, the maximum current that can be propagated by an electron beam in vacuum [41]. For currents exceeding the limit, the intense self-consistent magnetic field associated with the beam will... 

In 1993, a research group at the University of Bayreuth confirmed fast electronic transport in the discotic columnar phase of hexaalkoxytriphenylene using the time-of-flight method [80], which made a strong impact on liquid... 

In practice, the use of a redox mediator allows for dramatically enhanced current densities and prevents electron leaching by O2. However, use of an artificial redox mediator introduces additional complexity to the design of a biocatalytic electrode, and therefore several factors must be considered in the design of a mediated biocatalytic system. The efficacy of an artificial redox mediator is largely dependent on (l) an electrochemical driving force caused by the difference in potentials of the mediator and enzyme, (2) the ability of the artificial mediator to intercept the electron transport between the enzyme and its natural electron acceptor, and (3) the ability of the artificial mediator to undergo rapid selfexchange to facilitate fast electron transport to the electrode surface. 

Galoppini E, Rochford J, Chen H, Saraf G, Lu Y, Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G (2006) Fast electron transport in metal organic vapor deposition grown dye-sensitized ZnO nanorod solar cells. J Phys Chem B 110(33) 16159-16161... 

Graphene is also among one of the important carbon materials used for the electrochemical studies of redox proteins. The unique properties of graphene (fast electron transportation, high thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical flexibility and good biocompatibility) provide it with potential applicability in electrochemical biosensors as summarised by Kuila et al. [73] in one of their recent reports. 

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