Southern cattle tick

Support for this is found in the substantially greater octopa-minomimetic activity of DCDM compared to chlordimeform (20) and the observation that mixed function oxidase inhibitors, e.g. piperonyl butoxide and sesamex, strongly antagonized the toxicity of chlordimeform to the southern cattle tick larvae and synergized the toxicity of DCDM (21). Therefore, chlordimeform may be considered to be a propesticide of DCDM. 

Chen A, Holmes SP, Pietrantonio PV. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a serotonin receptor from the Southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari Ixodidae). Insect Mol Biol 2004 13 45-54. 

V., and Nachman, R. J. (2008) Comparison ofinsect kinin analogs with cis-peptide bond, type Vl-turn motifs identifies optimal stereochemistry for interaction with a recombinant arthropod kinin receptor from the southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Peptides 29, 295-301. 

The formamidine acaricides and insecticides, chlordimeform and ami-traz, are lethal to all life stages of acarines, but their activity to insects is considerably more restricted (1). Using the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, and the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, the structural requirements of formamidines for lethality have been elucidated ( -5), an< t ie structure (lethal moiety) for maximum activity is shown in Figure 1. Briefly, the ring must contain two substituents, and they must be located at positions two and four maximum activity was observed when position... 

Since the demonstration by Knowles and co-workers (5,24-26) that the lethal action of chlordimeform in southern cattle tick larvae was due to its N-demethyl metabolite which was formed by oxidative N-dernethylation, there has been considerable interest relative to the actual compound(s) responsible for the lethal and sublethal actions of formamidines in mites. With regard to lethality, chlordimeform and demethylchlordimeform were approximately equitoxic to the twospotted spider mite (3), the Kanzawa... 

Southern cattle tick is also indexed at this heading... 

It is normally found in southern and Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Mediterranean, northwestern China, Africa, and the Indian subcontinent. The natural reservoirs are ticks and numerous animal species. Animals (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, hares, hedgehogs) infected with this virus usually have no clinical symptoms or suffer only a mild illness. The hemorrhagic fever is highly pathogenic and notable for aerosol transmission. This is a biosafety level 4 agent. 

Ticks, arachnids of the order Acarina, are bloodsucking parasites which are of major economic importance in cattle production. Infestation by ticks leads to losses in meat and milk production, reduction in hide quality and exposure of the host to any diseases for which the tick is a vector. Moreover, the resulting skin lesions are sites for infestation by other parasites and infection. Control of ticks of the Boophilus species is of major importance in view of their widespread distribution (Australia, South Africa, South America, Mexico and Southern North America). This task has been made more challenging by the emergence of strains resistant to one or more of the classes of compounds described below. 

This is a disease of sheep and cattle prevalent in many parts of Asia, Africa and Southern U.S.A. The disease is caused by Anaplasma ovis (sheep) and A. tnargi-nale (cattle) and is responsible for heavy mortality in ruminants. Since anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease, it is usually grouped with babesiasis and theileriasis. However, some workers consider Anaplasma to belong to order Rickettsiales and, therefore, should not be treated as protozoa at all [61]. 

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