SOUR GASOLINE

Some of the terpolymers containing high levels of AGE give superior sour gasoline and ozone resistance, particularly dynamic ozone resistance. Since the unsaturation is not in the polymer backbone, it can be, and apparentiy is, sacrificed under sour gasoline or ozone aging. This protection scheme is limited with the peroxide and sulfur cure systems as they involve the aHyl functionaUty of the polymer. The protection is maximized when a dinucleophilic curative, such as trithiocyanurate, is used. 

Unisol process a chemical process for extracting mercaptan sulfur and certain nitrogen compounds from sour gasoline or distillates using regenerable aqueous solutions of sodium or potassium hydroxide containing methanol. 

Epichlorhydrin rubbers are resistant to hydrocarbon fuels, to swelling in oils, and resistant to acids, bases, water, and aromatic hydrocarbons. However, they are susceptible to devulcanization in the presence of oxidized fuels such as sour gasoline. 

Mori and co-workers have proposed antioxidant substituted tri-azine compounds, which act as combined vulcanizing agents and antioxidant systems which resist the leeching action of fluids during immersion, particularly in sour gasoline. Another method involving the use of thiophenols and amine-substituted thio compounds has been described by Weinstein where the attachment is achieved during or after the polymerization process. 

The stabilized plastic exhibits excellent resistance not only to hot diesel fuel, but also to aggressive gasoline ( sour gasoline ) [964]. 

Sour gasoline (ASTM fuel C + tert. butyl hydrogen peroxide) 60 °C/3 d A... 

Worth emphasizing is HNBR s good resistance to fluids and oils with H2S content, as well as its resistance to additivized oils, brake fluids, hydraulic fluids, and sour gasoline [697],... 

The reaction may be conducted by contacting the sour gasoline, sulfur, and oxygen (air) with a solid bed of lead sulfide catalyst or by recycling the lead sulfide suspended in a strong caustic solution with the introduction of air and current revivification of part of the lead sulfide solution by washing with hot water. 

If refined products, such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, or kerosene, are transported in a pipeline, where otherwise sour hydrocarbon fluids are transported, there may be an undesired enrichment of sulfur in the refined products. This can be avoided if the oxygen level of the transportant is maintained at below 20 ppm [570]. The dissolved oxygen level in the hydrocarbon product is controlled by reducing the amount of air injection employed in mercaptan or disulfide reduction or by the use of oxygen scavengers prior to the introduction of the refined hydrocarbon product into the pipeline. 

Another commercial trail of MIP-CGP for processing intermediate-based sour residual feed has been put on stream in SINOPEC Cangzhon Company in 2005. Table 5.6 shows the commercial comparison of CGP-2 and CGP-1. After shifting to CGP-2 the propylene yield increased by 1.15%, and the light ends yield increased by 0.57%. The snlfnr content of gasoline was decreased from 840 to 580 J,g/g. The olehn content, RON and MON of gasoline remained essentially constant. 

Doctor Test A method which can be used to determine the sweet or sour nature of gasoline by treating gasoline with a solution of lead plumbite and sulfur. As an example, the reaction which occurs with methylmercaptan is as follows ... 

The recovered sulfur industry exists primarily as a result of the necessity of removing sulfur values from hydrocarbon fuels before combustion so that sulfur emissions to atmosphere are reduced. In the case of sour gas, the principal source of recovered sulfur, the product that results from recovery of the sulfur is clean-burning, non-polluting methane. In the case of refineries handling high sulfur crude the product is low sulfur gasoline and oils. Thus every ton of sulfur recovered is a ton that is not added to the atmosphere. The recovery process itself however, is also the subject of optimization and recent developments in recovery efficiency have further ensured that the environmental impact in the immediate vicinity of these desulfurization facilities will be minimized. 

Sulfttr Content. The amount of sulfur in crude is important in terms of handling the crude within the refinery and the undesirable effects of sulfur in finished products. High-sulfur crudes require special materials of construction for refinery equipment because of their corrosiveness. Certain refinery processes require desulfurization of sour charge stocks prior to use as a feedstock, not only because of their corrosiveness, but also because of the effect of sulfur-bearing compounds on expensive catalysts, From the standpoint of the consumer, sulfurous gasoline has an unforgettably offensive odor unless specially sweetened and it may corrode the fuel system and engine parts, as well as pollute the atmosphere after it has been burned,... 

A portion of the condensed gasoline is pumped back to the tower as reflux. The sour water collected in the overhead drum is sent to battery limits for treating. 

You witness chemical changes taking place in iron that rusts, in milk that turns sour, and in a car engine that burns gasoline. The processes of digestion and respiration in your body are the result of chemical changes. 

SOur. (1) Any substance used in textile or laundry operations to neutralize residual alkali or decompose residual hypochlorite bleach. The commonly used sours are sodium bifluoride and sodium fluosi-licate. (2) Contaminated with sulfur compounds, e.g., gasoline or natural gas. (3) Taste characteristic... 

Khan, R.M. Popiel, E. Reynolds, G.J. Designing fuel for the environment reformulated gasoline. Energy Sour. 1996, 18, 513-523. 

Some petroleums have a gasoline odor and those with sulphur or nitrogen have a sour smell. Table 2-5 lists some important crude oil characteristics. 

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