Sounding devices, explosive

Explosive articles include a wide variety of devices or tools that employ explosives which on initiation produce a sudden, powerful expansion of gases used to some mechanical advantage drive turbines, move pistons, shear bolts and wires, operate pumps, and start engines. Often, these articles contain an explosive cartridge, an explosive charge encased in a cartridge case made of metal, fibre, paper, plastic, or other material. 

Power devices syn. power device cartridges or industrial ammunition are 

Other explosive articles are used directly for their explosive power used in ammunition, blasting, and as 

When immersed in water, the explosives in water-activated contrivances are initiated by electric current as water (acting as an electrolyte) immerses the electrodes of specially designed batteries by chemical reaction with water and by pressure sensors triggered at certain depths. These contrivances include ammunition, signal flares and other pyrotechnics, sounding devices (which are dropped by ships to determine depth), and actuating cartridges for gas cylinders that automatically inflate life rafts and jackets. 

Some cartridge cases are made of combustible materials (e.g., paper, plastic) that leave no residue or spent case to be removed from the device, tool, or weapon. In transportation terms, however, true combustible cases are those made of nitrocellulose which, being an explosive, adds force to the overall power of the explosive charge as well as leaving no residue. 

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Sounding Devices, Explosive Articles consisting of a charge of detonating explosive. They are dropped from ships and function when they reach a predetermined depth or the sea-bed. UN App. B, ICAO A2, US 173.59, lATA App. A... 

Fireworks salutes are explosive devices designed to produce sound by explosion. A salute consists of a paper container, filled with flash powder that has a means of ignition. 

Seismic techniques, the reflection and refraction of sound or shock waves propagated through the earth, are also used to reveal details of the structure and interrelationship of various layers in the subsurface. The shock or sound waves record densities in the earth s surface that may indicate an oil or gas reservoir. Explosive charges or vibration devices are used to impart the required shock wave. 

Two basic audible effects are produced by explosive and pyrotechnic devices a loud explosive noise (called a "report" or "salute" in the fireworks industry) and a whistling sound. 

Look for these devices if the cause of the origination of a fire or an explosion is unde-tertninedp and if the event occurs at sunrise or at sunset. If a light source other than the sun is utilized, any ocher correlating time-factors will be most dubious and obscure. If solid-state components are used, little will be found in the ashes except possibly the small metal bracket on which they are formed. If vacuum rubes are used, the usual remains associated with an electronic chassismay be anticipated. IX. SOUND OPERATED DEVICES ... 

The most ambitious and also least innocuous training devices are the ones which are meant to simulate an atomic bomb. The EX ModO Nuclear Air-Burst Simulator is an air-launched bomb weighing in excess of 500 lb and containing various flash, smoke, and sound charges. With a total of 300 lb of a modified magnesium flare mixture, red phosphorus, and high exPlosive, it produces an impressive fire ball and mushroom cloud. ... 

The impact of the drop weight, via the piston device, onto the sample may result in either its initiation or noninitiation, depending on the sensitivity of the explosive, the weight mass, and its drop height. The initiation is observed by sound, light effects, or smoke, or by inspecting the piston device. If none of these effects are noticed, initiation failure (noninitiation) is registered. 

Two basic audible effects are produced by pyrotechnic devices a loud explosive noise and a whistling sound. In the terminology for noise effects, the sound effect itself is a report. The device that prodnces a report in the fireworks industry is a salute, and in the military it is a simulator. The typical composition used to produce a report, whether in civilian or military applications, is an oxidizer-metal mixture that is termed a flash powder. 

Sensors and actuators can be used for the detection and signalling (light, sound, haptic feedback) of threats such as bombs, improvised explosive devices (lEDs), mortars, toxic gases or even unexpected attacks from enemies (Chapman, 2012). The sensors and actuators can be integrated into military uniforms, accessories or vehicles and linked to the warning systems. 

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