Metallic oxides mixtures

Carburization. Metal oxide mixtures with carbon black having additives such as Co, Ni, Fe, or Cr(0.5—1%) to promote diffusion, may undergo... 

A metal-metal oxide mixture A with a low equilibrium partial pressure of oxygen is sealed in a vacuum and heated to a temperature T. A metal-metal oxide mixture B with a high equilibrium partial pressure of oxygen is treated similarly. If the two containers are linked so that there is a free interchange of gas, what will be the final solids present ... 

The Electrostatic Spark Sensitivity of Bulk Explosives and Metal/Oxidant Mixtures NA.VORD Rept 6632 (June 1959)... 

Historically, the first important acrolein catalyst was cuprous oxide. Since the discovery of bismuth molybdate as the first specimen Of a group of superior catalysts, however, attention has been primarily focussed on binary and compound metal oxide mixtures in which copper plays no role. 

The most interesting catalysts for the oxidation of benzene are V2Os-based, and particularly supported V2Os— Mo03. Up to the present, the V205-based catalysts have proved to be superior to any other metal oxide or metal oxide mixture. 

Cobalt sulfide and arsenide ores are often found mixed with those of nickel and copper. The mixed ore is roasted with Na2C03 and KNO3, which removes part of the sulfur and arsenic as volatile species. The residue contains the metal oxides, as well as sulfate and arsenate, and the latter are removed by leaching with water. The metal oxide mixture is then dissolved in hot HCl or H2SO4, and the individual metal oxides are fractionally precipitated using Ca(OH)2 and NaOCl. This process gives the mixed valent oxide C03O4, which is then reduced to the metal by treatment with charcoal. 

One of the simplest methods of preparation is by decomposition of a thermally unstable compound. The nitrate or chloride is often preferred, sulphates tend to decompose at higher temperatures. Where the presence of residual traces of anion is to be avoided, the metal salts of organic acids are particularly useful. Formates, oxalates, acetates etc, decompose at low temperatures and often reduce the metal at the same time. For the preparation of catalysts from anions, the ammonium salt is frequently used. Metallic salts of complex acids can be used as a source of metal oxide mixtures. Decomposition of the appropriate chromate, tungstate, molybdate or vanadate will produce the mixed oxide. 

Asbestos, the first inorganic fiber material used, is currently still exclusively produced from natural mineral deposits. It is formed by the hydrothermal conversion of basic and ultrabasic volcanic rock (olivine and pyroxene) to serpentine upon which the actual asbestos formation takes place leading to two asbestos sorts with different structures serpentine asbestos and amphibole asbestos. Asbestos can be produced synthetically by several hours heating of a polysilicic acid/metal oxide mixture (e.g. Mg, Fe, Co, Ni) in water at 300 to 350°C and 90 to 160 bar. The properties of four important asbestos types are summarized in Table 5.2-2. 

Mixtures containing 65% of tungsten with organic binders were developed as priming charges for surface flares [1]. Ignition of the dual metal-oxidant mixtures by IR irradiative heating was studied [2]. 

L. J. Montesi, The Electrostatic Spark Sensitivity of Various Organic Explosive and Metal Oxidant Mixtures, NOLTR 65-124, Naval Surface Weapons Center, White Oak, Silver Spring, Maryland, 1966. 

Sadaoka, Y. (2007) NASICON based CO2 gas sensor with an auxiliary electrode composed of LiCOj-metal oxide mixtures. Sens. Actuators B, 121. 194—9. 

The catalysts which have presented the most suitable characteristics for this oxidation are the metal oxides and metal oxides mixtures of transition elements of the V and VI groups, and the hterature reports information related to the formulation, preparation and evaluation of the catalysts (2 - 6), although very few data have been pubhshed related to the reaction kinetics. Gunduz and Akpolat (5) present experimental kinetic data of gas phase oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde over V2O5 catalysts. Their results are based on the redox model and are restricted to the temperature of 430 C. Also, it is not found in the hterature enough data which allow to analyze the activity and behavior of V2O5 catalysts based only on their physical characteristics. 

Fig. 3. Thermal stability of surface area of X alumina — metal oxide mixtures.

Develop Pt-free catalysts by using transition-metal oxide mixtures that mimic Pt performance. Develop fuel-cell testing capabilities at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). 

In the patent literature, numerous catalyst formulations for propene ammoxidation can be found, and the majority of these are formulated around molybdenum and/or antimony base oxides. The most effective catalysts for these reactions are complex metal oxide mixtures containing three to six... 

The results from Fig. 12 suggest a general reaction mechanism in mixtures involving CO32-ions in fact, in addition to the systems presented in this chapter, the carbonate complex was identified in a number of other alkaline-carbonate-transition-metal oxide mixtures, including the following ... 

The wide range of oxygen partial pressures makes such cells an excellent analytical instrument for measurements of gases. It should be mentioned that the measured value is obtained almost instantaneously. In such measurements a reference atmosphere, for example, air or a metal-metal oxide mixture, is located on one side of the zirconium dioxide, so that the oxygen partial pressure is already known at one electrode the oxygen partial pressure at the other electrode is then measured by the emf in accordance with Eq. (47). In the measurement the gas is passed to the sensor. 

Cell consisting of metal, metal oxide mixtures electrode, and a reference electrode can be used to determine thermodynamic values of Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy firstly described by Kiukkola and Wagner [5] ... 

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