Soporific effect

In general, nonopioid analgesics are characterized by three fundamental types of action analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and fever-reducing action, which are used for alleviation of headaches, myalgia, arthralgia, and that do not have sedative or soporific effects. Euphoria, addiction, and drug dependence do not result from their use. 

Primidone is chemically and structurally similar to phenobarbital with the exception that the carbonyl group on Cj is replaced by a methylene group. This modification leads to the production of a drug with strong anticonvulsant properties without expressed soporific effects. 

One further treatment that has been studied extensively to achieve resynchronization of the circadian system is the administration of melatonin. Endogenous melatonin is secreted from the pineal gland, primarily across the nocturnal or dark period. It has been proposed to play a role in the control of the circadian system (reviewed in Ref. 174) and potentially in the initiation of sleep (175,176). Studies that have administered exogenous melatonin, primarily during the daytime, have reported both chronobiotic (177) and soporific effects (178). Melatonin administration has been successful in studies examining the reentrainment of the circadian system after transmeridian flight or shiftwork (179). Similarly, the effectiveness of melatonin in reentraining the circadian system of those with DSPS to a normal day has been studied. 

The defining arrangement for the ether functional group is oxygen between two carbons. (See figure 2.1.7.) One particular ether, diethyl ether, is known for its soporific effects on the mammalian brain, an effect that was widely appreciated by surgical patients when it was perfected as an anesthetic. 

These ayahuasca cohorts are known stimulants, used alone and as ayahuasca additives. In the latter case, their function appears to be counteracting the marked soporific effects of ayahuasca, so shaman or patient will not fall asleep during the session. Both Ilexguayusa and PauUiniayoco are known to be abundant sources of the stimulant caffeine (Lewis et al. 1991 Schultes 1986A Schultes Raffauf 1990), and Erythroxlum coca vat. ipadii is a known source of the stimulant cocaine (Holmstedt etal. 1971 Plowman 1981),... 

In man, monkey, dog, cat, horse, cow, rabbit, rat, mouse, and guinea pig, slight narcotic effects and/or excitement and/or convulsions may be seen after the administration of codeine. In man a soporific effect is not usually obtained with clinical doses. The effect upon respiration is slight. 

A. Soporific effects and euphoria usually occur within 15 minutes of an oral dose unconsciousness and deep coma may follow within 30-40 minutes. When GHB is ingested alone, the duration of coma is usually short with recovery within 2 to 4 hours and complete resolution of symptoms within 8 hours. 

Methylbut-3-en-2-ol (34) is the principal volatile water soluble constituent of hops [39] and is responsible for the soporific effect of hops [82]. Although not present in the head-space vapour of green hops, it is present after kilning and its concentration increases during storage [40]. Other substances in the head-space vapour include 2-methylbut-2-ene, isoprene (21), acetone, methyl isopropyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone. The last two compounds arise by degradation of the acyl side chains of the a- and p-acids [40]. 

TVaditional use The aushed, roasted seeds are recommended as a hemostatic and tonic for women after childbirth. The oil has the same abilities. A decoction of the leaves and flowers, as a tea, is given as a tonic and stimulant for people recovering from diseases. Large doses have emetic and soporific effects, but can cause asphyxiation. The seeds are considered a strong laxative (Khodzhimatov 1989). 

Ka igwu (Oklahoma, USA) Lichens on north side of tree trunk are dried, powdered, and applied to sore gums for abscesses and teething infants. Also mixed with smoking tobacco for a mildly soporific effect (Vestal and Schultes 1939)... 

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