Some Total Design Objectives

The previous Section explicitly referred to the tem character of polymer technology. This Section shows, by brief reviews of a selection of current objectives, how the total system of the three elements of polymer feedstock, processing method, and product properties are linked together. As noted in earlier sections, various products such as carbon fibres and some fibre-reinforced plastics are limited essentially by the cost of their process technologies. The application of reinforced polyurethanes to the automobile industry is an example where there are limiting factors in all three of the main technological elements. 

Perhaps ideally, the overall target for urethane-based automobile structural panels, is a process based on a non-phosgene route to the isocyanate (currently 

Possibly one of the most complex deliberately designed of all polymer products is the family of membranes described by Seko for the selective passage of sodium (Na+) ions and repulsion of hydroxide ions in a chlorine cell. These perfluorocarboxylic acid membranes are claimed to represent an improvement on the Dupont Nafion class of perfluorosulphonic membranes designed for the same purpose, in that CF/OH segregation is practically complete. Industrially, the implications for chlorine and caustic soda technology are profound. 

Most of the developments in polymer processing and product applications and 

---

The second phase is normally called preliminary engineering and its objective is normally two fold sufficient engineering to achieve overall definition of scope for the project and establish a firm budget for completion of the project. The estimate prepared at this point is normally called the authorization estimate. With this information, the decision is made on whether the project is to be completed. To get to this point usually takes between 15 and 3 0% of the total design cost. Some will call this the definition phase of the project. 

To decide which fuel to use, a host of factors must be considered. The object is to obtain high efficiency, minimum downtime, and the total economic picture. The following are some fuel requirements that are important in designing a combustion system and any necessary fuel treatment equipment ... 

If the exploratory study Is conducted well. It will provide some data for achieving the overall objectives of the total monitoring study. It will provide a check of the feasibility and efficacy of all aspects of the monitoring design Including the QA/QC plan. It will serve as a training vehicle for participants. It will pinpoint where additional measurements need to be made. Finally, It will provide a body of Information and data which may be Incorporated Into the final report for the total monitoring study. 

At this point there arises the question of whether the two tanks should be the same size or of different sizes. Mathematically, this question needs to be investigated with some care so that the desired objective function is correctly identified. If we wished to design a two-stage reactor we might be interested in the minimum total volume K = K, + K2 required for a given conversion a2. Writing the ratio VJ Vc[ = s, this condition is met by setting ... 

Since the entry into force of the Convention, 63 States Parties have declared a total of over 4,000 inspectable OCPFs. Of these facilities, more than 100 had received inspections by the time of the RevCon. The Technical Secretariat has concluded that these inspections have shown that some of the OCPFs are highly relevant to the object and purpose of the Convention. These facilities produce chemicals that are structurally related to Schedule 1 chemicals. Of particular relevance to the Convention are facilities that combine this kind of chemistry with production equipment and other hardware designed to provide fiexibihty and containment. ... 

---