Somatostatin S

R. F. Nutt, C. D. Colton, R. Saperstein, and D. F. Veber, in Somatostatin, S. Reichlin, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, 1987, pp. 83—88. Side Chain Conformation of Somatostatin Analogs when Bound to Receptors. 

Reisine, T.D., Zhang, Y.-L. and Sekura, R. (1983). Pertussis toxin blocks somatostatin s inhibition of stimulated cAMP accumulation in anterior pituitary tumor cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 115, 794-799... 

SM Sphingomyelin SNAP S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine SNP Sodium nitroprusside SOD Superoxide dismutase SOM Somatostatin also knotm as somatotrophin release-inhibiting factor... 

Use of the first-generation somatostatin analog octreotide is limited by its extremely short duration of action and requirement for subcutaneous administration at least three times a day. If a patient s GH level returns to baseline before the end of an 8-hour dosing interval, the frequency of octreotide administration can be increased to every 4 to 6 hours. Most patients require octreotide in doses of 100 to 200 meg three times daily.19,20 To improve patient tolerance to gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects, start octreotide at 50 meg every 8 hours.20 Assess IGF-I serum concentrations every 2 weeks after initiating therapy to further titrate dose in increments of 50 meg per dose. 

Licha K, Hessenius C, Becker A, Henklein P, Bauer M, Wisniewski S, Wiedenmann B, Semmler W (2001) Synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of cyanine-labeled somatostatin analogues as receptor-targeted fluorescent probes. Bioconjugate Chem 12 44—50... 

Van Der Hoek, J.,De Herder, W. W., Feelders, R. A., Van Der Lely, A. J. and Lamberts, S. W. A single-dose comparison of the acute effects between the new somatostatin analog SOM230 and octreotide in acromegalic patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 638-645,2004. 

Pannell, C., Simonian, S. X., Gillies, G. E., Luscher, B., and Herbison, A. E. (2002) Hypothalamic somatostatin and growth hormone-releasing hormone mRNA expression depend... 

Rocheville, M., Lange, D. C., Kumar, U., Patel, S. C., Patel, R. C and Patel, Y. C. (2000) Receptors for dopamine and somatostatin formation of hetero-oligomers with enhanced functional activity. Science 288,154-157. 

Pfeiffer, M., Koch, T., Schroder, H Laugsch, M., Hollt, V and Schulz, S. (2002) Heterodimerization of somatostatin and opioid receptors cross-modulates phosphorylation, internalization, and desensitization. J. Biol. Chem. 277,19762-19772. 

Figure 4.12. Dose-response curves ofsomatostatin and analogues on histamine secretionfrom purified rat peritoneal mast cells [171], Somatostatin (x), [D-Lys9]-somatostatin f0J, [D-Lys4]-somatostatin (O), [Tyr1 J-somatostatin (A), Des,[Ala, Gly2]-desamino-fCys3]-somatostatin (A), dihydrosomatostatin m). and bis-S-acetamidomethyldihydrosomatostatin (Q).

Fricker G, Nobmann S, Miller DS (2002) Permeability of porcine blood-brain barrier to somatostatin analogs. Brit J Pharmacol 135 1308-1314... 

Several neurotransmitter and receptor changes are observed in Alzheimer s disease (Nordberg 1992). Losses occur in nicotinic receptors, but muscarinic receptors are relatively preserved. Reductions are also seen in serotonin 5-HTl and 5-HT2 receptors. Glutamate NMDA receptors decrease, while kainate receptors increase. j8-adrenergic and dopamine receptors are preserved. Decreases occur in receptors for somatostatin and neuropeptide Y, but corticotrophin-releasing factor receptors increase. Across all receptor subtypes for which there is a loss, the number of receptors decrease but the affinity constant remains unchanged. 

Nilsson CL, Brinkmalm A, Minthon L, Blennow K, Ekman R. 2001. Processing of neuropeptide Y, galanin, and somatostatin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer s disease and frontotemporal dementia. Peptides 22 2105. 

Rohree, S.P., Biezin, E.T., Mosley, R.T., Berk, S.C., Hutchins, S.M., Shen, D.M., Xiong, Y., Hayes, E.C. Rapid identification of subtype-selective agonists of the somatostatin receptor through combinatorial chemistry. Science 1998, 282, 737-740. 

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