Solvents tertiary butyl alcohol

The monohydric alcohols have densities and surface tensions similar to many aliphatic ketone solvents. The alcoholic solvents afford a wide range of evaporation rates and excellent solvency for various resins and polymeric compositions. The four lowest molecular weight alcohols are completely miscible with water and with most other organic solvents. Tertiary butyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol are also completely soluble in water. Many of the alcohols form minimum boiling-point azeotropes with water. 

Alcohols, their corresponding olefins and alkyl cations are in equilibrium, with the alcohol generally predominating over the olefin (Purlee et al., 1955 Taft and Riesz, 1955 Boyd et al., 1960). The alkyl cation concentration is extremely low and this species never exists as more than a transient intermediate whose relation to the solvent is little known. In 5% H2SO4 the ratio of alcohol to olefin is about 1200 to 1 at 50° for the isobutylene-tertiary butyl alcohol system (Taft and Riesz, 1955). As the temperature increases the ratio of alcohol to olefin at equilibrium decreases (Boyd et al., 1960). This can be illustrated by examining the position of equilibrium in equation (8). Values of Kp, [alcohol (1)]/ [olefin (g)], were shown to vary from 5 54 at 50° to 1-34 at 70°. The equilibrium constant [alcohol (l)]/[olefin (1)] can be calculated from... 

Isobutylene is the most chemically reactive of the butylene isopiers. If the objective is just to get the isobutylene out of the C4 stream, it can be removed by reaction with methanol (CH3OH) to make MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether), by reaction with water to make TBA (tertiary butyl alcohol), by polymerization, or by solvent extraction. After that, butene-1 can be removed by selective adsorption or by distillation. That leaves the butene-2 components, together with iso- and normal butane, which are generally used as feed to an alkylation plant. 

To obtain the 7(a)-isomer of 7,17-dimethyltestosterone the crystalline mixture of the 7 stereoisomers of 7,17-dimethyltestosterone was refluxed in tertiary butyl alcohol with recrystallized chloranil under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was concentrated under a fast stream of nitrogen, diluted with methylene chloride and the solution washed with dilute sodium hydroxide, water and then dried, filtered and the solvent removed. The residue, was combined with the product from an identical run and chromatographed through a magnesium silicate column developed with solvent of the following composition and order two each of hexane hydrocarbons (Skellysolve B), hexanes plus 4% acetone, hexanes plus 8% acetone, hexanes plus 12% acetone, hexanes plus 14% acetone, hexanes plus 16% acetone, hexanes plus 18% acetone, hexanes plus 20% acetone, hexanes plus 24% acetone, hexanes plus 28% acetone, and two of acetone. 

Fusel oil fyu-zal n. An arid oily liquid occurring in insufficiently distilled alcoholic liquors, consisting mainly of amyl alcohol, and used especially as a source of alcohols and as a solvent. Alcohols such as normal, iso, and tertiary butyl alcohols. 

Tertiary-butyl alcohol is commonly used as a co-solvent in gasoline/ methanol blends and as an oxygenate and octane booster by itself. It is predominantly produced from isobutene, but may also be a product of fermentation reactions [15], It is biodegradable in the environment, and is infinitely soluble in water. 

I would now like to consider the titration of acidic compounds in nonaqueous solutions. If you wish to titrate an acid in nonaqueous solution, you should choose a solvent that is not acidic and a titrant that is as strong a base as possible. The paper that really aroused people s imagination and created a lot of interest was the one published by Moss, Elliot, and Hall in 1948, in which they introduced ethylenediamine as a solvent. This compound certainly doesn t have any acidic properties and these authors showed that you can titrate phenol, which is normally too weak to titrate as an acid. In recent years, however, the trend has been away from the use of strongly basic solvents because they have a leveling effect on many bases and they are somewhat unpleasant to handle. Solvents now in use are pyridine, which is an inert solvent and a very weak base, acetonitrile, and acetone. Acetone and certain other ketones are surprisingly good. Recently we have done some work with tertiary butyl alcohol, an excellent solvent for certain cases. Sodium or potassium hydroxide can be used as tltrants, but these are not particularly... 

Terminally unsaturated fluonnated alkenoic acids can be obtained from poly-fluorocycloalkenes by reaction with potassium hydroxide m rert-butyl alcohol [24] (equation 26) The use of a tertiary alcohol is critical because primary and secondar y alcohols lead to ethers of the cycloalkenes The use of a polar aprotic solvent such as diglyme generates enols of diketones [26] (equation 27) The compound where... 

Dehydration of alcohols proceeds by heterolytic cleavage of the C-O bond, yielding carbocation and hydroxide anion, and the dehydration rate is determined by the stability of the thus-formed carbocation. Therefore tertiary alcohols such as tcrt-butyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol) are more easily dehydrated. When these solvents are used for the solvothermal reaction, the essential nature of the reaction may be identical to that of the hydrothermal reaction. 

Tertiary alcohols are resistant to oxidation. rcr -Butyl alcohol is frequently used as a solvent in oxidations. However, some tertiary alcohols are converted into tertiary hydroperoxides on treatment with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid [177, 179]. Dimethylphenylcarbinol added to a mixture of 87% hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid at a temperature below 0 °C gives a 94% yield of cumyl hydroperoxide after 3.5 h [777]. Similarly, acetylenic alcohols with the tertiary hydroxyl group adjacent to the triple bonds are converted into the corresponding hydroperoxides in high yields [179] (equation 272). 

O-Phenylation of tertiary alcohols can be realized through reaction with pentaphenylbismuth (4), a benzyne intermediate being involved. r rf-Butyl phenyl ether (80) was also obtained in rather low yields in the reaction of triphenylbismuth diacetate with rerr-butyl alcohol used as solvent in the presence of potassium carbonate or by reaction of triphenylbismuth dichloride with lithium ten-... 

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