Solvent treatment cleaning

J Resist Stripping. After pattern transfer the resist has to be removed. For the all organic MLR systems, the resist layers can be removed with an O2 plasma if the top surface is not severely altered after an ion implantation or a substrate etching. Otherwise, a solvent treatment followed with clean-... 

Treatment Clean sample loop by washing with strong solvent. 

Treatment Clean windows. First, try cleaning in situ. Disconnect detector from system, wash with strong organic solvent from syringe and tube connected to flow cell inlet. If this does not solve problem, wash with water. Check manual to see if flow cell can be pacified with nitric acid. Push 20% nitric acid in from the waste line and trap in flow cell. Leave for 15 min. Flush out copiously with water. If necessary, disassemble flow cell and clean window with acetonitrile, chloroform, and then hexane, wiping with tissue. Dry and reassemble. 

Adsorption experiments were conducted on chromium, platinum, cadmium, and zinc the sources and preparation of these metal specimens have been reported previously (16). In preparing adsorbed, mono-molecular layers by adsorption directly from the molten pure acid (5), the clean adsorbing substrate was first heated to a temperature just above the melting point of the acid (see Table I), a few crystals of the acid were sprinkled on the surface, and the resulting pool of molten acid was teased over the whole surface with a previously freshly flamed platinum wire. If spontaneous retraction of the liquid acid did not occur, the specimen was allowed to cool and all of the solidified material adhering on top of the adsorbed monolayer was removed by appropriate solvent treatments as discussed below. 

Table II presents the results of some wettability measurements on adsorbed monolayers prepared from molten Compound D on pure, polished, clean, chromium surfaces after solvent treatment had been used to remove all surplus solidified acid. A series of successive solvent treatments was applied to each coated specimen (see first four columns of Table II) using liquids which have been shown to be good solvents for Compound in the bulk (9). These liquids were either absolute ethyl alcohol or benzene at or above 20°C., or n-hexane at or above 60°C. In the remaining columns are listed the average values of the slowly advancing contact angles measured by the drop-buildup method on from three to five different drops. Measurements were made on sessile drops of water, thiodiglycol, and methylene iodide. These three diagnostic liquids were chosen because of their high surface tensions (72.8, 54.0,...

Much eflFort is expended cosmetically to improve the condition of skin. This generally involves applying products to restore impaired skin to normal. Our investigation examines the wetting characteristics of normal skin. Clean skin in as natural a state as possible was used. Aggressive solvent treatments were avoided since such treatment would... 

Evans, D.W. et al., Treatment of steam generator chemical cleaning wastes Development and operation of the Bruce spent solvent treatment facility, in Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Nashville, TN, 1995, International Oxidation Application, 1995. 

Benzyl-1-indanol 32, readily available in a few steps from 1-indanone, has been converted into 2-benzylindene 33 in various ways [66 - 68]. Treatment of 32 with orthophosphoric acid in chlorobenzene, for example, gives 33 as the sole product. However, use of polyphosphoric acid in the same solvent effects clean cyclodehydration of both 32 and 33 giving the mono-/uso-diindane 34 in high yield [65]. Several cenfro -alkylated derivatives of 34, including the methyl... 

Aromatic Solvmt. [Texaco] Aromatic solvents for paint, protective coatings, herbicide and pesticide carrier, synthetic resin mfg., degreasing, fuel additive treatment cleaning congrds., oilfield relics. 

There are many reasons for surface treatment of the fibers. In one process,introduction of functional groups is described. The equipment designed for this process includes a cleaning vessel, a vacuum drier, and a plasma treatment vessel. The fiber is first treated with a solvent, which is subsequently removed in the vacuum drier to remove all residual solvent. The surface is then modified by a plasma treatment. Cleaning removes dirt from the natural fibers and impurities from man-made fibers. Water, hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons are used in an enclosed system. Surface etching and cleaning techniques which were used in the past released solvents and other materials to environment, especially because the fibers were not sufficiently dried. 

The water solubility of the solvent-based cleaning agent is very important for the treatment of the subsequent water rinse. 

If a chemical surface treatment in required, the process must be monitored for proper sequence, bath temperature, solution concentration, and contaminants. If sand- or grit-blasting is employed, the abrasive must be changed regularly. Fresh solvents for cleaning should he on hand. Checks should be made to determine if cloths or solvent containers have become contaminated. The specific surface preparation used can be checked for effectiveness by the water-break-free test. After the final treatment step, the substrate surface is checked for its ability to form a continuous film of water when deionized water droplets are applied to the surface. After the surface treatment has been found to be adequate, precautions must be taken to assure that the substrates are kept clean and dry until the bonding operation. The adhesive or primer should be appUed to the treated surface as quickly as possible. 

ACFs have been successfully applied in many fields, such as the treatment of organic and inorganic waste gases, the recovery of organic solvent, air cleaning and deodorization, treatment of wastewater and drinking water, separation and recovery of precious metals, as medical adsorbents and protective articles, and in electrodes [57], Some of the most common applications of ACF are listed below Table 8.2. 

In addition to films, fibers may also be analyzed conveniently by the ATR method. Figure 13.16a,b shows, respectively, the ATR spectra of an optical fiber (diameter 200 pm) and the same fiber coated with a silicone resin. The resin layer seems to be so thick that the spectrum of the fiber is not clearly observed in spectrum (b). When the resin was dissolved by a solvent and removed, a clean fiber was obtained its ATR spectrum is shown in (c). Spectrum (c) is close in appearance to spectrum (a), whereas spectrum (d) which was obtained by subtracting (a) from (c) agreed with the spectrum of the resin, indicating that a small amount of the resin still remained on the fiber, and the coating was not completely removed from the fiber by the solvent treatment. 

Conserva.tlon, The objectives ia the treatment of stone objects are primarily cleaning, stabilization, consoHdation, repair, and restoration (132—135). Cleaning can vary from a light dusting to the removal of stubborn grime and stains with solvents and detergents. The latter can be appHed usiag a poultice method to iacrease the efficiency with which the extraneous material is removed from below the surface of the stone. 

Fluorotitanic acid is used as a metal surface cleaning agent, as a catalyst, and as an aluminum finishing solvent (see Metal surface treatments). Fluorotitanates are used in abrasive grinding wheels and for incorporating titanium into aluminum aHoys (see Abrasives Aluminumand aluminum alloys). 

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