Solvent aromaticity

Aromatic 100 solvent Aromatic 150 solvent Aroma transport Aromax process Aromizing Process AromoxC/12 AromoxDMld AromoxDMCD Aromox DMHTD AromoxT/12 Aron alpha Arosolvan process Arosurf Aroxtex 5C... 

Many attempts have been made to characterize the stabiUty of the colloidal state of asphalt at ordinary temperature on the basis of chemical analysis in generic groups. For example, a colloidal instabiUty index has been defined as the ratio of the sum of the amounts in asphaltenes and flocculants (saturated oils) to the sum of the amounts in peptizers (resins) and solvents (aromatic oils) (66) ... 

Chlorinated paraffins are relatively inert and exhibit excellent resistance to chemical attack and are hydrolytically stable. They are soluble in chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, and ethers but only moderately soluble in ahphatic hydrocarbons and virtually insoluble in water and lower alcohols. 

Solvents. Solvents affect adhesive viscosity, bond strength development, open time, cost, and ultimate strength. Blends of three solvents (aromatic, aliphatic, oxygenates, e.g. ketones, esters) are generally added, and in their selection environmental and safety regulations must be considered. A graphical method has been proposed to predict the most adequate solvent blends for solvent-borne CR... 

Acrylics are chemically resistant at room temperature to dilute acids, except hydrofluoric and hydrocyanic, all alkalis and mineral oils. They are attacked by chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, ethers and esters [60]. 

The general principle of solubility is that like dissolves like. Hence polar polymers dissolve most readily in polar solvents, aromatic polymers in aromatic solvents, and so on. This is reflected in the thermodynamics of dissolution. 

Microautoclave data was also obtained with Wilsonville Batch I solvent utilizing Indiana V coal. Batch I solvent was obtained from Wilsonville in mid-1977. Other batches of recycle solvent were received later. Batch I solvent had inspections most like the Allied 24CA Creosote Oil used for start-up at the Wilsonville Pilot Plant. Succeeding batches of solvent received by CCDC showed substantial differences, presumably due to equilibration at various operating conditions. As the Wilsonville solvent aged and became more coal derived, the solvent aromaticity decreased with an increase in such compounds as indan and related homologs. The decrease in aromaticity has also been verified by NMR. A later solvent (Batch III) also showed an increase in phenolic and a decrease in phenanthrene (anthracene) and hydrogenated phenanthrene (anthracene) type compounds. 

Schnaak et al. [4] Polychlorinated terphenyls, naphthalenes, chloropesticides, halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (BTEX), chlorobenzenes, poly aromatic hydrocarbons (EPA 610), phenols, chlorophenols, phthalates, petroleum hydrocarbons, LAS and nonylphenol (NP), organotin compounds and 2,4-dichloroaniline 1 pg/kg to 10 mg/kg for chlorine-contained compounds 10 pg/kg to 1 g/kg for solvent and phenols 1 mg/kg to 10 g/kg for EPA610, DEHP, LAS, and mineral oils Sewage sludge... 

The -modification as a rule evolves as a more coarse-grained material than the a-phase. It is prepared by milling the crude Copper Phthalocyanine Blue with salt in the presence of a crystallization stimulating solvent. Aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, or ketones are normally used. 

TPE/PVCs can be attacked by chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, certain aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones. .. 

As solvents, aromatic fractions are most useful with pentachlorophenol aliphatic fractions are effective as solvents for 2,4-D esters. 

Solvent aromatic hydrocarbons Xlrr > 300 nm four-coordinated Fe(TMP) formed... 

Viton PCBs, chlorinated solvents, aromatic solvents... 

Barrier Wide range of chlorinated solvents, aromatic acids... 

Solvent Aromatic Danner et al. UNI FAC-FV Ether Danner et al. UNI FAC-FV Chlorinated Danner et al. UNIFAC-FV... 

Of the solvents, aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons are r-donors ( r-EPD) alcohols, ethers, amines, carboxamides, nitriles, ketones, sulfoxides and N- and P-oxides are n-donors (n-EPD), and haloalkanes are cr-donors (cr-EPD). Boron and antimony triha-lides are acceptor solvents (r-EPA), as are halogens and mixed halogens (c-EPA), and liquid sulfur dioxide (ti-EPA). In principle, all solvents are amphoteric in this respect, i.e. they may act as a donor (nucleophile) and an acceptor (electrophile) simultaneously. For example, water can act as a donor (by means of the oxygen atom) as well as as an acceptor (by forming hydrogen bonds). This is one of the reasons for the exceptional importance of water as a solvent. 

I. Prigogine. Bull. Soc. chim. Belg. 52, 1-6 (1943). IR Ai/, of methanol in various solvents, aromatics, dioxane, acetone, pyridine, etc. 

IR Av, of ethanol in many solvents, aromatics, pyridine, theory. 

Changes in monomer concentration also have an effect on product quality. High butadiene content causes the formation of gel that can coat the walls of the reaction vessel and the pipeline consequently the path of operation is disrupted. In practice, up to 15 % butadiene is loaded in the solvent. Aromatic compounds (especially benzene) are used as the solvent, as in Ti-BR production. By adding small amounts of R3AI (R = C8-C12) the polymerization can also be carried out in aliphatic and cycloaliphatic solvents without any gel formation. 

For the synthesis of 6,12-dihydro-6-hydroxy-cannabidiol as the intermediate in accordance with the invention the starting materials are the readily available olivetol (formula II) and cis-p-menth-2-ene-l,8-diol (formula III). The reaction is performed in a suitable solvent, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane and trichloroethane, ethers such as diethylether, diisopropylether and tetrahydrofuran having proved to be suitable. Furthermore it is possible to use mixtures of the said solvents. Toluene, benzene, methylene chloride and chloroform are the preferred solvents for use in the method of the invention. 

Phenol has a low melting point, it crystallizes in colourless prisms and has a characteristic, slightly pungent odor. In the molten state, it is a clear, colourless, mobile liquid. In the temperature range T < 68.4 °C, its miscibility with water is limited above this temperature it is completely miscible. The melting and sohdification points of phenol are quite substantially lowered by water. A mixture of phenol and ca 10% water is called phenolum liquefactum, because it is actually a liquid at room temperature. Phenol is readily soluble in most organic solvents (aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, ethers, acids, halo-genated hydrocarbons etc.) and somewhat less soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons. Phenol forms azeotropic mixtures with water and other substances. 

As discussed earlier, solubility parameter is important when nonpolar solvents are mixed. Table 7 provides a list of molar liquid volume and solubility parameter for some common solvents. Aromatics have a higher value of this parameter compared to the aliphatics. 

Amides.1 Tetrachlorosilane has been used as a coupling reagent for the formation of an amide from a carboxylic acid and an amine. Pyridine is used as solvent. Aromatic amines react at room temperature, but aliphatic amines require a reflux temperature for satisfactory yields. The reported yields are 25-90%. One advantage of this procedure is that the other product formed is silica, which is insoluble in all common solvents. 

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