Solutions textile applications

Textile applications Much use has been made of non-molybdenum Cr-Ni steels in dyeing. On the other hand, many dyeing solutions contain chlorides or other corrosive substances such as formic acid, and here it is often wiser to use the 316 group. 

PBT is easily made into fiber and monofilament and has been used in some fiber applications. For example, PBT fibers are used commercially as toothbrush bristles. Compared to PET, PBT fiber is more resistant to permanent deformation. Compared to nylon, PBT shows almost no change when exposed to moisture. PBT shows much more resistance to staining than nylon and can be colored by the use of pigments. However, PBT is more difficult to color by solution dying than nylon. PBT is not typically used in textile applications due to its perceived high price. 

Uses. The largest use for sodium thiocyanate is as the 50—60 wt % aqueous solution, as a component of the spinning solvent for acrylic fibers (see Fibers, ACRYLIC Acrylonitrile polymers). Other textile applications are as a fiber swelling agent and as a dyeing and printing assist. A newer commercial use for sodium thiocyanate is as an additive to cement in order to impart early strength to concrete (376). 

Is a strongly hydrophilic emulsifier, stabilizer, antlgellant, and lubricant. It is used as an emulsifier for glycerol monostearate and other waxy esters in the production of concentrated, pourable textile lubricants and softeners, and as a stabilizer and antlgellant for starch solutions. Other applications Include its use as a nonabrasive coating for glass bottles,... 

Fibres were first developed by Austin [60] and then by Hirano [61-63] in solvents mentioned previously, especially the DMAc/LiCl system. The fibres were obtained by wet-spinning [63]. A recent review presents the different fibres obtained from chitin solution and some of their physical properties [27]. In addition, chitin solutions may be casted to obtain films [64,65] or regenerated under sponge or bead conformation in dependence of the use. Fibres were often proposed for textile applications [66-68]. 

Horrocks AR. Regulatory and testing requirements for flame-retardant textile applications. In Alongi J, Horrocks AR, Carosio F, MaluceUi G, editors. Update on flame retardant textiles state of the art, environmental issues and innovative solutions. Shawbury, UK Smithers Rapra 2015. p. 53-122. 

Textile Application Results Using Solvent Perfluorinated Silicones Solutions (Toluene)... 

Table 6. Textile application results with solvent perfluorinated silicone solutions.

In 1983, Celanese Corporation commercialized PBI fiber, spun from solutions of poly[2,2 -(m-phenylene)-5,5 -bibenzimidazole], for a wide range of textile applications. And, with a unique, new polymer commercially available for the first time, Celanese also undertook the development and evaluation of other forms of the polymer. Process and application development of PBI films, fibrids, papers, microporous resin, sizing, coatings and molding resins have been started. Applications for PBI utilize its unique chemistry, a polymeric secondary amine, as well as its thermal and chemical stability. 

Another approach that focuses on non-conductive adhesive (NCA) bonding solutions was investigated by the research team at the Fraunhofer Instimte (Krshiwoblozki, 2013). Reversible joining is beneficial for many smart textile applications where the functional modules must be detached from the textiles. Some researchers attempt to solve this issue by using fastener buttons, conductive Velcro, magnets and bolting. 

When a water-miscible polymer is to be made via a suspension process, the continuous phase is a water-immiscible fluid, often a hydrocarbon. In such circumstances the adjective inverse is often used to identify the process [118]. The drop phase is often an aqueous monomer solution which contains a water-soluble initiator. Inverse processes that produce very small polymer particles are sometimes referred to as inverse emulsion polymerization but that is often a misnomer because the polymerization mechanism is not always analogous to conventional emulsion polymerization. A more accurate expression is either inverse microsuspension or inverse dispersion polymerization. Here, as with conventional suspension polymerization, the polymerization reaction occurs inside the monomer-containing drops. The drop stabilizers are initially dispersed in the continuous (nonaqueous phase). If particulate solids are used for drop stabilization, the surfaces of the small particles must be rendered hydrophobic. Inverse dispersion polymerization is used to make water-soluble polymers and copolymers from monomers such as acrylic acid, acylamide, and methacrylic acid. These polymers are used in water treatment and as thickening agents for textile applications. Beads of polysaccharides can also be made in inverse suspensions but, in those cases, the polymers are usually preformed before the suspension is created. Physical changes, rather than polymerization reactions, occur in the drops. Conventional stirred reactors are usually used for inverse suspension polymerization and the drop size distribution can be fairly wide. However, Ni et al. [119] found that good control of DSD and PSD could be achieved in the inverse-phase suspension polymerization of acrylamide by using an oscillatory baffled reactor. 

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