Solution ketone resin

Figure 5.19 GALDI mass spectra of (a) Ketone Resin N (from THF solution) and (b) ketone resin varnish from a painting (from THF solution). The signal groups generally correspond to cyclohexanone units...

Most inks contain significant amounts of solvent for dissolving the resin and adjusting the ink viscosity. The kind of solvent used depends on the substrate and the end use of the print. Water as well as hydrocarbons are used, also ketones, esters and alcohols. For example ethanol and isopropanol are common in flexo printing. The solution of resin in a solvent is also called vehicle . 

Preparation of the resin-hound cyclic malonic ester (638) (Scheme 133) A solution ofmalonic acid (38 mmol), concentrated sulfuric acid (0.1 mL), and acetic anhydride (117 mmol) was allowed to stand for 24 h at r. t. and was then concentrated in vacuo below 40 °C. The ketone resin (2 g) was pre-swollen in dry, cooled to 0 °C, and then added to the residue. Dry CH2CI2 (2 mL) was then added to the mixture, and it was stirred below 20 °C for 24 h. The resin was then washed as follows ... 

Primers, sometimes called self-adhesive resins or adhesion promoters, can be used to improve adhesion, for instance Self-Adhesive Resin EP 2440, Hills AG, Marl. The resin is soluble in many different solvents and can thus be readily applied before the adhesive. It is also used as an adhesion promoter for polyester and ketone resins. Other adhesion promoters include 0.5% silanes in methanolic solution. They are mixed directly into the adhesives or applied to the adhesion smfaces. 

N.N-Dimethylformamide [68-12-2] (DMF) [14.276] is miscible with water and organic solvents except aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is a good high-boiling solvent for cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, poly(vinyl chloride), vinyl chloride copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate), polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, chlorinated rubber, polyacrylates, ketone resins, and phenolic resins. Alkyd resins and resin esters are partially soluble. Dimethylformamide does not dissolve polyethylene, polypropylene, urea-formaldehyde resins, rubber, and polyamides. It is used as a solvent in printing inks, for polyacrylonitrile spinning solutions [14.277], and as a solvent in the synthesis of acetylene. 

Synthesis of Vitamin D3 Core 248 Phosphine oxide 245 (1.1 equiv) was dissolved in anhydrous THF, cooled to —50°C, and treated with nBuLi (1.0 equiv) under argon. The mixture was then transferred via cannula to a solution of resin-bound ketone 244 (0.72 equiv) in anhydrous THF and reacted at —40°C to — 10°C for 3 hours to yield immobilized triene 246. Concomitant alkylation and cleavage from the polymer-support occurred via a copper-promoted Grignard reaction with 247 at room temperature for 3 hours. The crude protected product was then immediately treated with CSA in methanol and water at room temperature for 6 hours to afford vitamin D3 analog 248 in 47% yield (from 244). 

Chemical Properties. A combination of excellent chemical and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures result in high performance service in the chemical processing industry. Teflon PEA resins have been exposed to a variety of organic and inorganic compounds commonly encountered in chemical service (26). They are not attacked by inorganic acids, bases, halogens, metal salt solutions, organic acids, and anhydrides. Aromatic and ahphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, amines, esters, chlorinated compounds, and other polymer solvents have Httle effect. However, like other perfluorinated polymers,they react with alkah metals and elemental fluorine. 

Ketone Peroxides. These materials are mixtures of compounds with hydroperoxy groups and are composed primarily of the two stmctures shown in Table 2. Ketone peroxides are marketed as solutions in inert solvents such as dimethyl phthalate. They are primarily employed in room-temperature-initiated curing of unsaturated polyester resin compositions (usually containing styrene monomer) using transition-metal promoters such as cobalt naphthenate. Ketone peroxides contain the hydroperoxy (—OOH) group and thus are susceptible to the same ha2ards as hydroperoxides. 

Oxidation. Ketones are oxidized with powerful oxidizing agents such as chromic or nitric acid. During oxidation, carbon—carbon bond cleavage occurs to produce carboxyHc acids. Ketone oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, or prolonged exposure to air and heat, can produce peroxides. Concentrated solutions of ketone peroxides (>30%) may explode, but dilute solutions are useful in curing unsaturated polyester resin mixtures (see... 

In terms of general solvency, solvents may be described as active solvents, latent solvents, or diluents. This differentiation is particularly popular in coatings applications, but the designations are useful for almost any solvent appHcation. Active solvents are strong solvents for the particular solute in the apphcation, and are most commonly ketones or esters. Latent solvents function as active solvents in the presence of a strong active solvent. Alcohols exhibit this effect in nitrocellulose and acryUc resin solutions. Diluents, most often hydrocarbons, are nonsolvents for the solute in the apphcation. 

The specific solvents that make up the three solvency categories depend on the solute in question. For example, an aUphatic hydrocarbon may have adequate solvency for a long oil alkyd, but would be a diluent for an acryUc or vinyl resin, which require stronger solvents such as ketones or esters. The formulator must understand the solvency requirements of the solute to know which category a particular solvent would occupy. 

A novel and versatile method for preparing polymer-supported reactive dienes was recently developed by Smith [26]. PS-DES (polystyrene diethyl-silane) resin 28 treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was converted to a polymer-supported silyl triflate 29 and then functionalized with enolizable a,jS-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones to form silyloxydienes 30 and 31 (Scheme 4.4). These reactive dienes were then trapped with dienophiles and the Diels Alder adducts were electrophilically cleaved with a solution of TFA. 

Microwave irradiation has been used to accelerate the Gewald reaction for the one-pot synthesis of N-acyl aminothiophenes on solid support [67]. A suspension of cyanoacetic acid Wang resin 35, elemental sulfur, DBU and an aldehyde or ketone 36 in toluene was irradiated for 20 min at 120 °C in a single-mode microwave synthesizer (Scheme 13). Acyl chloride 37 was added, followed by DIPEA, and the mixture was irradiated for 10 min at 100 °C. After cooling to room temperature, the washed resin was treated with a TEA solution to give M-acylated thiophenes 38 in 81-99% yield and purities ranging from 46-99%. 

In the author s laboratories the polymerization of aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols by liquid hydrogen fluoride has been repeatedly noted. Acetaldehyde polymerizes and acetone forms polymeric substances on standing for a period of time in solution in hydrogen fluoride. If the solution is separated shortly after mixing, the acetone may be recovered. The same is true of tertiary alcohols. The peculiar action of tertiary chlorides (Simons et al., 35) probably results at least in part from polymerization. The products obtained most likely come from destruction of the polymers in the process of distillation. Benzaldehyde forms a shellac like resin when treated with hydrogen fluoride. A rather interesting polymerization reaction occurs upon treating aralkyl ketones with... 

A single, functionalized resin can be designed to capture more than one reactant. For instance, resin 3 has been used to sequester excess alde-hydes/ketones and thioacetic acids.28 Specifically, the polyamine resin 3 did this by forming the resin-bound thiazolidinones 11 and salts from the excess reagents, leaving the desired thiazolidinones in solution. 

Devraj, R. V. Naing, W. Parlow, J. J. Yang, S. Flynn, D. L. Resin-Capture of Solution Phase Thioureas and Thioamides by Polymer-Supported a-Bromo Ketones, Tetrahedron Lett., submitted. 

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