Crystal growth solution

Nadagouda, M.N. and Varma, R.S. (2008) Microwave-assisted shape-controlled bulk synthesis of Ag and Fe nanorods in polyfethylene glycol) solutions. Crystal Growth and Design, 8, 291-295. 

K. Onuma, K. Tsukamoto, and I. Sunagawa, Measurement of surface supersaturation around a growing K-alum crystal in aqueous solution,/. Crystal Growth, 98,1989, 377-83... 

J. J. De Yoreo, C. A. Orme, and T. A. Land, Using atomic force microscopy to investigate solution crystal growth, in Advances in Crystal Growth Researches, eds. K Sato,... 

F. Iwasaki, H. Iwasaki, and Y. Okabe, Growth rate anisotropy of synthetic quartz grown in Na COj solution,/. Crystal Growth, 178,1999,648-52... 

DeYoreo, J.J. Eight years of AFM what has it taught us about solution crystal growth. 13th International Conference on Crystal Growth, Hibiya, T., Mullin, J.B., Uwaha, M., Eds. Elsevier Kyoto, Japan, 2001. 

Kwon, Y.I. Derby, J.J. Modeling of the coupled effects of interfacial and bulk phenomena during solution crystal growth. J. Cryst. Growth 2001, 230, 328-335. 

Sun, X., Garetz, B.A., Myerson, A.Y Supersaturation and polarization dependence of polymorph control in the nontopochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) of aqueous glycine solutions, Crystal Growth and Design. 1 (2001) 5-8. 

Myerson, A.S. SAXS study of the nucleation of glycine crystals from a supersaturated solution, Crystal Growth Design. 5(2) (2005) 523-527. 

Other models for the segregation coefficient have been developed specifically for the case of solution crystal growth and with less restrictive assumptions that allow for nonidealities in both the liquid and solid phases. For such a development, the interfacial segregation coefficient is redefined in the following manner... 

Though this route has been used for the synthesis of ZnO nanorods in solution, crystal growth can occur on substrates when they are exposed to the vapor phase above a... 

Once nuclei form in a supersaturated solution, they begin to grow by accretion and, as a result, the concentration of the remaining material drops. There is thus a competition for material between the processes of nucleation and of crystal growth. The more rapid the nucleation, the larger the number of nuclei formed before relief of the supersaturation occurs and the smaller the final crystal size. This, qualitatively, is the basis of what is known as von Weimam s law [86] ... 

The kinetics of crystal growth has been much studied Refs. 98-102 are representative. Often there is a time lag before crystallization starts, whose parametric dependence may be indicative of the nucleation mechanism. The crystal growth that follows may be controlled by diffusion or by surface or solution chemistry (see also Section XVI-2C). 

D. Elwell and H. J. Scheel, Crystal Growth from High Temperature Solution Academic Press, London, 1975. 

Over 50 acidic, basic, and neutral aluminum sulfate hydrates have been reported. Only a few of these are well characterized because the exact compositions depend on conditions of precipitation from solution. Variables such as supersaturation, nucleation and crystal growth rates, occlusion, nonequilihrium conditions, and hydrolysis can each play a role ia the final composition. Commercial dry alum is likely not a single crystalline hydrate, but rather it contains significant amounts of amorphous material. 

Physical properties of the acid and its anhydride are summarized in Table 1. Other references for more data on specific physical properties of succinic acid are as follows solubiUty in water at 278.15—338.15 K (12) water-enhanced solubiUty in organic solvents (13) dissociation constants in water—acetone (10 vol %) at 30—60°C (14), water—methanol mixtures (10—50 vol %) at 25°C (15,16), water—dioxane mixtures (10—50 vol %) at 25°C (15), and water—dioxane—methanol mixtures at 25°C (17) nucleation and crystal growth (18—20) calculation of the enthalpy of formation using semiempitical methods (21) enthalpy of solution (22,23) and enthalpy of dilution (23). For succinic anhydride, the enthalpies of combustion and sublimation have been reported (24). 

In the flux-growth method, crystals of the desired ceramic are precipitated from a melt containing the components of the product phase, often in addition to additives used to suppress the melting point of the flux. These additives remain in solution after crystal growth is complete. Crystals are precipitated onto seeds by slowly cooling the melt or the seed, or occasionally by evaporating volatile components of the melt such as alkaH haHdes, depressing the solubiHty of the product phase. 

---