Solubilization triglycerides

Since the solubilization of oil phases other than alkanes in nonbicon-tinuous microemulsions is not very high (say, below 0.5 g of oil per gram of surfactant) unless fancy new molecules are used such as the so-called extended surfactants that are able to solubilize triglycerides [51,52], it is probable that many apparently solubilized systems referred to as O/W microemulsion are really miniemulsions produced by phase inversion [132]. 

N,N-Dimethyl-N-lauric acid-amidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-myristyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-palmityl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-stearyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-tallow-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Distearyl-N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine solubilizer, titanate 2-Dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol solubilizer, tobacco Methyl-P-cyclodextrin solubilizer, topical solutions Cetylpyridiniurn chloride solubilizer, triglycerides PEG-10 olive glycerides PEG-13 sunflower glycerides... 

This approach is essentially similar to elongating the surfactant tail into the oil phase, but this time by means of two segments (i.e., the proper surfactant hydrophobe plus the lipophilic linker that might be viewed as some kind of extension that occurs only at the interface). This extension provides some additional polarity in the oil phase near the interface, and there is evidence that polar oils such as ethyl oleate are solubilized thanks to such characteristics. However, it has not been possible yet to solubilize triglyceride oils by this method and some mesophase formation can happen if all the precautions like the hydrophobe branching are not taken. 

Interestingly, Bums et al. (1983) have reported that micelles formed by short-chain phospholipids can themselves be used as deteigents to solubilize triglycerides containing short fatty chains to form microemulsion particles in which the P-NMR linewidths are narrower than for the pure phospholipid micelles. These particles serve as models for lipoproteins. 

Natural Ethoxylated Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Castor oil (qv) is a triglyceride high in ticinoleic esters. Ethoxylation in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to a polyoxyethylene content of 60—70 wt % yields water-soluble surfactants (Table 20). Because alkaline catalysts also effect transestenfication, ethoxylated castor oil surfactants are complex mixtures with components resulting from transesterrfication and subsequent ethoxylation at the available hydroxyl groups. The ethoxylates are pale amber Hquids of specific gravity just above 1.0 at room temperature. They are hydrophilic emulsifiers, dispersants, lubricants, and solubilizers used as textile additives and finishing agents, as well as in paper (qv) and leather (qv) manufacture. 

Ethoxylated castor ods or ethoxylated castorwaxes are used as solubilizers of hydrophobic substances in cosmetics. Examples are Cremophor EL (ethyoxylated castor od) and Cremophor RH (40/60 ethoxylated hydrogenated castor od). Other ethoxylated triglycerides are not as effective as castor od. Ethoxylated castor od is also a good solubilizer for vitamin A palmitate (121). 

The application of microemulsions in foods is limited by the types of surfactants used to facilitate microemulsion formation. Many surfactants are not permitted in foods or only at low levels. The solubilization of long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) such as edible oils is more difficult to achieve than the solubilization of short- or medium-chain triglycerides, a reason why few publications on microemulsions are available, especially because food-grade additives are not allowed to contain short-chain alcohols (C3-C5). 

SCHWAB AND PRYDE Micellar Solubilization of Methanol and Triglycerides 285... 

The advances in column and instrument technology have significantly enhanced HPLC performance in recent years. Results comparing the effects of various column packings on TG separation by RP-HPLC were presented by El-Hamdy and Perkins (87). Six commercially packed columns produced by different manufacturers were used PARTISIL ODS-1 and ODS-2 octadecyl-bonded silica of 10-/rm partical size, ZORBAK-ODS octadecyl-silica of 6-7-/rm diameter (250 X 4.6-mm ID), 5-/rm octyl-bonded spherical silica LC-8, 5-//m methyl-bonded spherical silica LC-1, and a 5-/rm octadecyl-bonded spherical silica LC-18 (150 X 4.6-mm ID). The mobile phase employed consisted of mixtures of methanol/acetone/isopropanol/acetonitrile ranging from l 0 3 4to 1 6 3 4. Triglycerides were solubilized in either THF or acetone at 100 mg/ml for each compound. 

Kaukonen, A.M. et al. (2004) Drug solubilization behavior durimgitro digestion of simple triglyceride lipid solution formulationsPharm. Res., 21 245-253. 

Hydrophobic lipids (triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters) are virtually completely insoluble in water they are solubilized for transport in plasma by incorporation into lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are spherical complexes containing triacylglycerol (triglyceride) and cholesteryl ester surrounded by a layer containing phospholipids, unesterified cholesterol, and specific apolipoproteins. 

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