Solubility trapping

Solubility trapping refers to the C02 that dissolves into the brine. The C02-brine solution has a density greater than brine alone, preventing buoyant flow of the C02 toward the surface, even along high-permeability vertical pathways such as faults. 

Most models of solubility trapping assume instantaneous equilibrium between the brine and free C02. The solubility of C02 varies as a function of pressure, temperature, and salinity in a manner described by a modified Henry s law (Pruess Garcia 2002) ... 

A new chemical source of singlet molecular oxygen ( Oj, Ag), H20 /Ca(0H)2, has been investigated in detail. First, the formation of O2 has been proved unambiguously by resorting both to the specific detection of the IR luminescence at 1270 nm of O2 and to the chemical trapping of the excited species with a new cationic water-soluble trap. The process has been shown to be catalytic and the influence of several parameters (pH, concentrations and purities of reactants) on the initial rate of O2 formation has been examined. Finalfy, the ability of the system H202/Ca(0H)2 to oxidize various water-soluble electron-rich substrates has been assessed. 

This process is called solubility trapping, and the concentration of dissolved HCOs depends on pH and Pco2- pH increases when ground water interacts with... 

Miscible fluid displacement is a process in which a fluid, which is miscible with oil at reservoir temperature and pressure conditions, is injected into a reservoir to displace oil. The miscible fluid (an oil-soluble gas or liquid) allows trapped oil to dissolve in it, and the oil is therefore mobilised. 

Steaming-out the steam distillation apparatus. After the cleaned steam -distillation apparatus (Fig. 88) has been assembled, it is essential to pass steam through it for some time to remove readily soluble alkali. All the taps on the apparatus are opened and the water in the steam generator boiled vigorously. The steam will gradually pass into the apparatus. After a few minutes, the tap of the tap-funnel C may be closed and soon afterwards the tap Ti of the steam-trap finally the tap Tj of the funnel G may be closed, Steaming-out should then be continued for not less than one hour, the receiver J not being in place. 

In the double-neutralization process, Na2SiFg is precipitated and removed by filtration at a pH of 3—4 (9). Upon raising the pH to 7—9, insoluble phosphates of Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg form and separate. Iron can be precipitated as hydrous ferric oxide, reducing the phosphate loss at the second filter cake. Both the fluorosihcate and metal phosphate filter residues tend to be voluminous cakes that shrink when dewatered recovery of soluble phosphates trapped within the cakes is difficult. 

Gases or vapours that are not water soluble but are slowly reactive, with absorbing agent Condensation Freezing traps or low temperature condensers Glass or metal Dry 1-5 90-100 (depends on vapour pressures at reduced temperature) Can be packed with glass beads or other extended surfaces... 

Solubility — the amount of a given substance (the solute) that dissolves in a unit volume of a liquid (the solvent). This property is of importance in the handling and recovery of spilled hazardous materials. Water-insoluble ehemicals are much easier to reeover from water than spills of water-soluble chemicals. Acetone, which is miscible/soluble in water in all proportions, is not readily reeoverable from water. In contrast, benzene, which is lighter than water and insoluble as well, can be readily trapped with a skimmer. For organie eompounds, solubility tends to deerease with inereasing moleeular weight and ehlorine content. 

Paint films exposed to condensation often fail unexpectedly by very early blistering between primer and finishing coat, usually associated with soluble salts trapped under the relatively impermeable finishing coat. Relatively more permeable latex-based paints are less prone to this failure. 

VEGF-trap Inhibition with soluble forms of VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2... 

For example, isobutanolamine (IBA, 2-amino, 3-methyl, 1-propanol, AMP) forms a carbonate (IBA carbonate) that is soluble to the extent of 38% w/w at 25 °C, whereas cyclohexylamine carbonate is only soluble to the extent of 10.5% at 25 °C. This difference in solubility and lack of any significant carbonate stability may result in the fouling of steam traps at the end of long runs of condensate line. 

As a thickener (as opposed to a gel), it is amylose that has the main function. The long water-soluble chains increase the viscosity, which doesn t change much with temperature. Amylose chains tend to curl up into helixes (spirals) with the hydrophobic parts inside. This allows them to trap oils, fats, and aroma molecules inside the helix. 

Liquid water, including its soluble and insoluble constituents, is transferred from the oceans to the atmosphere when air bubbles in the water rise to the surface. These bubbles form from air trapped by breaking waves, "whitecaps." As the bubbles burst at the surface, water droplets are injected into the atmosphere. These water droplets are small enough to remain airborne for several hours. Whitecaps begin to form in winds common over the oceans, and a significant amount of seasalt made airborne in this way is transported to the continents and deposited in coastal areas. 

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