Solubility of methane

True. Even at high overpressures the low solubility of methane limits productivity and output. 

Fig. 8.23 Solubility of methane (a) in NaCl at 1 atm and 283.15°K and (b) in CaCl2 solutions at 37.4 atm and 298.15°K. Reprinted from Sorensen H, Pedersen KS, Christensen PL (2002) Modeling gas solubility in brine. Organic Geochem 33 635-642. Copyright 2002 with permission of Elsevier.

Fig. 2 shows the solubility of methane in fresh water is about 0.5 cu ft/ bbl at 50 psig. Thus, a gas/water ratio of 0.5 cu ft/bbl is possible in a full stream pressurization design. 

Calculate the solubility of methane in a liquid of the following composition at 100°F and 100 psia. Give your answer in lb moles of methane per lb mole of liquid. Use equilibrium ratios from Appendix A. 

Figure 16-10 gives the solubility of methane in pure water at reservoir conditions.4 This figure may be used with accuracy to within about five percent to estimate the solubility of natural gas in pure water. Figure 16-11 can be used to adjust the solubility to account for varying degrees of salinity of the water.5... 

Fig. 16-10. Solubility of methane in pure water. (Culberson and McKetta, Trans., AIME 192, 226. Copyright 1951 SPE-AIME.)...

Culberson, O.L. and McKetta, J.J., Jr. Phase Equilibria in Hydrocarbon-Water Systems III—The Solubility of Methane in Water at Pressures to 10,000 psia, Trans., AIME (1951) 192, 223-226. 

Figure 16-10, page 451, Solubility of Methane in Pure Water... 

Table I. The Solubility of Methane in Water and in Organic Solvents at 77°F and at Pressures up to 140 Atmospheres...

The solubility of methane in n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol is, within experimental error, the same as in methanol. 

Table 2.3 Mole fraction of methane in various solvents at 25 °C and 1 atm. The solubility of methane in an ideal liquid under these conditions is 0.0035 [40]...

Estimate the solubility of methane and oxygen in water and n-heptane at 25°C, given the following data ... 

Table 2-2. Solubilities of methane, ethane, chloromethane, and dimethyl ether in tetrachloro-methane (nonpolar solvent) and acetone (polar solvent) [22].

Haas J. A. (1978) An empirical equation with tables of smoothed solubilities of methane in water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions up to 25 weight percent, 360 °C, and 138 MPa. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1004. 

Price L. C. (1979) Aqueous solubility of methane at elevated pressures and temperatures. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 63, 1527-1533. 

Tokunaga, J. Kawai, M. Solubilities of methane in methanol-water and ethanol—water solutions. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 1975, 8, 326-327. 

Table 2. Comparison between Predicted and Experimental Solubilities of Methane n-Butane Mixtures in Water at T = 344.25 K ...

Our calculations indicate that the solubility of methane-ethane gaseous mixture in water (Figure 1) ex-... 

Culberson, O. L. McKetta, J. J. Phase equilibria in hydrocarbon-water systems. 111. The solubility of methane in water at pressures to 10,000 psia. Pet. Technol. 1951, 3, 223-226. 

Figure 3.9 Solubility of methane in water (after Bonham, 1978. Reprinted by permission of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists).

The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 21-32 Bonham, L.C., 1978. Solubility of methane in water at elevated temperatures and pressures. 

Some recovery of reservoir pressure and decrease in viscosity of the residual petroleum in the reservoir may be obtained by returning natural gas to the formation. High formation pressures contribute to the solubility of methane, ethane, propane, etc., in the residual petroleum, which brings about the decreased viscosity. Carbon dioxide injection is also used, which accomplishes similar objectives as natural gas return [19], at the same time as offsetting releases of carbon dioxide by fossil fuel combustion (sequestration). Nitrogen has also been used for this purpose [20]. 

The mole fraction of methane, CH4, dissolved in water can be calculated from the Henry s Law constants of 4.13 X 10 atm at 25°C and 5.77 X 10 atm at 50.°C. Calculate the solubility of methane at these temperatures for a methane pressure of 10. atm above the solution. Does the solubility increase or decrease with increasing temperature (See Exercise 17 for interpretation of units.)... 

An alternative that has been proposed is to take advantage of the solubility of methane in hydrocarbons under medium to elevated pressures. Thus, by operating at pressures comparable to or lower than... 

While the above results reflect mixtures of methane with a standard diesel fuel, similar or even better effects can be observed with blends of methane with gasoline components. In Table 7, as an example, literature data on the solubility of methane in toluene at 300° F (solubilities are much higher at lower temperatures) are provided. This also illustrates the need to generate additional data for different hydrocarbons over a broad range of operating conditions, i.e., pressure and temperature. 

The solubility of methane in pore waters is limited and depends on the pressure, temperature and salinity. Excess methane dissipates upwards and is... 

There is another, very important and large repository of methane methane hydrates (also known as gas hydrates or clathrates Kvenvolden 1988).They comprise ice in which the interstices of the lattice house small molecules, such as methane, ethane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. In fact, enough gas needs to be present to fill 90% of the interstices in order for the hydrate to form, and it has a different crystal structure from normal ice (Sloan 1990). If fully saturated, the most common crystalline structure can hold one molecule of methane for every 5.75 molecules of water, so lm3 of hydrate can contain 164 m3 of methane at STP (see Box 4.8).The solubility of methane in water is insufficient to account for hydrate formation, and a major nearby source is required, typically methanogenesis, based on the dominance of methane (99%) and its very light isotopic composition (813C generally <—60%o see Section 5.8.2). 

S, A. Stem and 5. S. Kulknmi, Solubility of Methane in Cellulose Acetate—Conditioning Effect... 

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