Solid strategy

Governments must develop and implement a solid strategy for the reconstruction or possible retrofit of the nation s buildings and infrastructure. 

To solve the Kohn-Sham equations a number of different approaches and strategies have been proposed. One important way in which these can differ is in the choice of basis set for expanding the Kohn-Sham orbitals. In most (but not all) DPT programs for calculating the properties of molecular systems (rather than for solid-state materials) the Kohn-Sham orbitals are expressed as a linear combination of atomic-centred basis functions ... 

The N-to-C assembly of the peptide chain is unfavorable for the chemical synthesis of peptides on solid supports. This strategy can be dismissed already for the single reason that repeated activation of the carboxyl ends on the growing peptide chain would lead to a much higher percentage of racemization. Several other more practical disadvantages also tend to disfavor this approach, and acid activation on the polymer support is usually only used in one-step fragment condensations (p. 241). 

L. Erwin and L. Hall Healy, Jr., Packaging and Solid Waste Management Strategies, The American Management Association, Washington, D.C., 1990. 

Pohution prevention techniques must be evaluated through a thorough consideration of ah media, hence the term multimedia. This approach is a clear departure from previous pollution treatment or control techniques where it was acceptable to transfer a pollutant from one source to another in order to solve a waste problem. Such strategies merely provide short-term solutions to an ever increasing problem. As an example, air pollution control equipment prevents or reduces the discharge of waste into the air but at the same time can produce a solid (hazardous) waste problem. 

R. J. Booth and J.C. Hodges, Solid-supported reagent strategies for rapid purification of combinatorial synthesis products, Acc Chem Res 32 18-26 1999. 

F. Guillier, D. Grain and M. Bradley, Linkers and Cleavage Strategies in Solid-phase Organic Synthesis and Combinatorial Chemistry, Chem Rev 100 2091-2157 2000. 

The thirty-two silent modes of Coo have been studied by various techniques [7], the most fruitful being higher-order Raman and infra-red spectroscopy. Because of the molecular nature of solid Cqq, the higher-order spectra are relatively sharp. Thus overtone and combination modes can be resolved, and with the help of a force constant model for the vibrational modes, various observed molecular frequencies can be identified with specific vibrational modes. Using this strategy, the 32 silent intramolecular modes of Ceo have been determined [101, 102]. 

A variety of containment strategies employ floating solid objects to control the rate of gaseous emissions from surface impoundments. These include synthetic membrane covers, rafts, and hollow plastic spheres. Synthetic membrane covers are feasible where the out-gassing of volatiles due to biological activity is not expected. Selection of the liner material must be... 

A clear classification of the ideal strategies will help the evaluation of the present room air distribution methods in different operating conditions. It also creates a solid base for the development and promotion of new innovations in the field. 

Eda and Kurth applied a similar solid-phase combinatorial strategy for synthesis of pyridinium, tetrahydropyridine, and piperidine frameworks as potential inhibitors of vesicular acetylcholine transporter. One member of the small library produced was prepared from amino-functionalized trityl resin reacting with a 4-phenyl Zincke salt to give resin-bound product 62 (Scheme 8.4.21). After ion exchange and cleavage from the resin, pyridinium 63 was isolated. Alternatively, borohydride reduction of 62 led to the 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 64, which could be hydrogenated to the corresponding piperidine 65. 

Our strategy consisted of the following steps A mixture of potential chiral selectors is immobilized on a solid support and packed to afford a complete-library column , which is tested in the resolution of targeted racemic compounds. If some separation is achieved, the column should be deconvoluted to identify the selector possessing the highest selectivity. The deconvolution consisted in the stepwise preparation of a series of sublibrary columns of lower diversity, each of which constitute a CSP with a reduced number of library members. 

Strategy First write the chemical equation for the equilibrium system. Then write the expression for K, leaving out pure liquids and solids. Remember that gases are represented by their partial pressures. 

Strategy You are given and enough information to determine Hi,ac and nNaLac-Because sodium lactate, like all ionic solids, is completely ionized in water, n - = MNaLac-... 

Strategy Start by writing the chemical equation for the solution process (solid on the left, ions in solution on the right). Then write the expression for fCsp) noting that—... 

Strategy Consider the relative disorder of final and initial states remember that entropy increases in the order solid < liquid < gas. 

Strategy In each case, the products are solid metal and C02(g). The equations are most simply balanced by the process described in Chapter 3. 

The strategy of Kaeriyama represents a so-called precursor route and was developed to overcome the characteristic shortcomings (insolubility, lack of process-ability) of previous PPP syntheses. The condensation reaction is carried out with solubilized monomers, leading to a soluble polymeric intermediate. In the final reaction step this intermediate is then converted, preferentially in the solid state allowing the formation of homogeneous PPP films or layers, into PPP (or other poly(arylene)s). 

Having developed effective synthetic methodology for the construction of seven-membered cyclic ethers, we were confident that the problem of the frans-fused bis(oxepane) system could now be addressed on a solid foundation. It was our hope that the breve-toxin-type bis(oxepane) system could be assembled by a stepwise strategy utilizing both photochemical dithioester and reductive hydroxy ketone cyclization methods. 

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