Ion-Selective Solid-State Electrodes

Unlike ion-selective electrodes using glass membranes, crystalline solid-state ion-selective electrodes do not need to be conditioned before use and may be stored dry. The surface of the electrode is subject to poisoning, as described earlier for a Ck ISE in contact with an excessive concentration of Br. When this happens, the electrode can be returned to its original condition by sanding and polishing the crystalline membrane. 

Ericke, G. H. Kuntz, M. J. Inexpensive Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes for Student Use, /. Chem. Educ. 1977,... 

Figure 3.10 Schematic diagram of a solid-state ion-selective electrode for measuring the concentrations of aqueous fluoride ions - the so called fluoride electrode . The silver wire acts as one of the electrodes, so an additional electrode is required to complete the cell.

Hulanicki and A. Lewenstam, Interpretation of the Response Mechanism of Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes Regarding Diffusion Processes, in Ion-Selective Electrodes (ed. E. Pungor and I. Buz s), International Conference held in Budapest 1977, Akad6miai Kiad6, Budapest and Elsevier, Amsterdam (1978). 

J. Siemroth, 1. Hennig and R. Claus, All solid state ion-selective electrodes... 

C. Fuchs, Solid-state ion-selective electrodes in clinical chemistry. Chapter 3 of... 

A solid-state ion-selective electrode based on an inorganic crystal is shown in Figure 15-16. A common electrode of this type is the fluoride electrode, employing a crystal of LaF3 doped with Eu2+. Doping means adding a small amount of Eu2+ in place of La3"1. The filling solution contains 0.1 M NaF and 0.1 M NaCl. Fluoride electrodes are used to monitor and control the fluoridation of municipal water supplies. 

Table 6.3 Membranes for Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes...

Potentiometric monitoring was also explored. Solid-state ion-selective electrodes were tested as sensing elements to detect diverse amines. The incorporation of molecular recognition host molecules in the membrane improved the detection... 

De Marco, R. Jiang, Z. T. Becker, T. Clarke, G. Murgatroyd, G. Prince, K., Response mechanisms and new approaches with solid-state ion-selective electrodes A powerful multitechnique materials characterization approach, Electroanalysis 2006, 18, 1273-1281... 

THE ROLE OF SURFACE PROCESSES IN SIGNAL FORMATION WITH SOLID- STATE ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES - CHLORIDE INTERFERENCE ON COPPER ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE... 

It can be concluded in general, that electrochemical properties of copper(II) sulphide are influenced by chloride ions and consequently that copper(II) sulphide plays an active role in build up of chloride interference whenever this substance is present in the membrane. The redox reaction responsible for the interference discussed above shows the importance of consideration and inclusion of such mechanism in the general picture of interfering pathways on solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Explanation of the mechanism has so far dominated by traditional reasoning restricted only to simple ion-exchange reactions at the membrane surface. 

The glass pH electrode is an example of a solid-state ion-selective electrode whose operation depends on (1) an ion-exchange reaction of H between the glass surface and analyte solution and (2) transport of Na" across the glass membrane. We now examine several ion-selective electrodes. 

Glass pH electrodes and most other practical ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are membrane devices. The term electrode is, strictly, a misnomer because the active ion-selective membrane has on one side an analyte (the test solution) and on the other an internal (reference) solution containing an internal reference electrode the internal solution and electrode together provide the electrical contact to the membrane. A solid-state ion-selective electrode is one in which the internal components are replaced by a direct back contact to a metal or semiconductor, i.e., an electronic conductor. This is not a trivial matter, because most ion-selective materials are ionic conductors, and... 

Bobacka J (2006) Conducting polymer-based solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Electroanalysis 18 7... 

S.V. Kartamyshev, M.V. Kuznetsova, S.S. Ryasenskii, I.R Gorelov, All-solid-state ion-selective electrodes reversible to propranolol. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 39 (1), 43-45, 2005. 

Bromide, iodide, cyanide, and especially, sulfide ions strongly interfere with the potentiometric determination of chloride ions. Fortunately, these ions are seldom present in disturbing concentration in certain water samples. The solid-state ion-selective electrodes are not sensitive to oxidizing agents however, their function is influenced by strong reducing agents. 

An ion selective MIP sensor for dopamine was introduced by M. Pesavento et al. [372]. This all-solid-state ion selective electrode was prepared through screen printing a graphite electrode which was modified with a multiwalled carbon nanotubes, with a dopamine selective MIP membrane based on methacrylic acid monomers and ethyl-eneglycole dimethacrylate cross-linker [372]. 

M. Vazquez, J. Bobacka, A. Ivaska, and A. Lewenstam. 2002. Influence of oxygen and carbon dioxide on the electrochemical stability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene) used as ion-to-electron transducer in aU-solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Sensors and Actuators, B Chemical 82(1) 7-13. 

Alegret, S., J. Alonso, J. Bartrolf, J. Baro-Rom, J. Sdnchez, M. del Valle, Solid-state ion-selective electrode for automated titration of anionic surfactants. Analyst, 1994, 119,... 

Bobacka J (1999) Potential stability of All-solid-state Ion-selective electrodes using conducting polymers as lon-to-electron transducers. Anal Chem 71(21) 4932-4937. doi 10. 1021/ac990497z... 

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