Solid fuels, hydrogen production from

The National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) works on hydrogen production from waste gases, production of hydrogen from solid fuels, water-gas-shift reaction catalysts, membrane separation, gasification of solid fuels, simulation of advanced power systems based on fuel cells, and hydrogen production and infrastructure. 

General Atomics is developing Supercritical Water Partial Oxidation (SWPO) for the efficient and environmentally advantageous gasification of and hydrogen production from low-grade fuels such as biomass, municipal/solid waste (MSW) and high-sulfur coal. 

Mixed Protonic-Electronic Conducting Membrane for Hydrogen Production from Solid Fuels... 

Heat from all the hot exhaust gas streams is used for steam generation to drive the steam turbine. Thus, the final products from the GE fuel-flexible process are pure hydrogen from the first reactor, C02 from the second reactor, and heat for electricity production from the third reactor. A portion of the solids in the chemical loops needs to be purged to avoid ash accumulation and maintain solid reactivity (Rizeq et al., 2002). The overall energy conversion efficiency for the GE fuel-flexible process is estimated to be 60% (Rizeq et al., 2003). 

Coal and Coal-Tar Hydrogenation. If paraffinic and olefinic liquids are extracted from solid fuel substances, the hydrogen content of the residual material is reduced even further, and the residues become more refractory. The yields of liquids so derivable are generally low, even when a significant fraction of the hydrogen is extractable. Thus production of fuel liquids from nonliquid fuel substances such as coal and coal tars may be enhanced only by the introduction of additional hydrogen in a synthesis process. The principal differences in the processes are from the modes in which hydrogen is introduced and the catalysts used. 

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