Solid fires

While solid fires generally do not have the same impact as flammable material fires in process units, the hazards from solids are important in several respects. Class A materials may be the source of ignition for hazards having a greater combustible loading or posing a greater threat in terms of impact and Class A or D solids may pose a threat due to inherent reactivity or use in a process. For more information on solid fires, refer to SFPE Handbook (Beyer, 2002). Radiant heat from solid fires can be calculated similarly to that of pool fires. 

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Solid fires, e.g., cellulose fires involving material, such as wood, paper, dust, etc. 

Molecular weight Volume percent of solids Fire hazard only... 

Wharton RK. Factors that influence the critical oxygen index of various solids. Fire Mater. 1979 3 39—48. 

Flammability As with most organic solids, fire is possible at elevated temperatures or by contact with an ignition source. 

ACID AMMONIUM CARBONATE or ACID AMMONIUM CARBONATE, MONO AMMONIUM SALT (1066-33-7) CHjOj HjN NH4HCO3 Noncomustible solid (Fire Rating 1). Violent reaction with strong acids, forming carbon dioxide. Reacts with strong bases, forming ammonia. In temperatures above 140°F/49°C, ammonia and carbon dioxide fumes are formed. Reacts with fluorine, magnesium, sodium hypochlorite. 

ALUMINUM LITHIUM HYDRIDE (16853-85-3) LiAlH Highly flammable solid (Fire Rating 2). A powerful reducing agent. Ignites spontaneously in moist air and/or in heated air above 257°F/125°C... 

AMMONIUM BICARBONATE (1066-33-7) CHjOj-HaN NH4HCO3 Noneomustible solid (Fire Rating 1). Violent reaetion with strong acids, forming carbon dioxide. Reacts with strong bases. 

BIS (AMMONIUM) CARBONATE (506-87-6) (NH4)2COj Slightly combustible solid (Fire Rating 1). Contact with sodium hypochlorite causes sudden, possibly violent, decomposition. Becomes unstable and decomposes on exposure to air or in heat with loss of ammoiua and carbon dioxide, converting to powdery-white ammonium bicarbonate. Inconpatible with acids, acid salts, alkaloids, aluminum, calomel, iron salts, sodium nitrate, nitrites, zinc. Attacks nickel, copper, and other alloys. 

Moist granular ceramics produced by using the common forming methods, such as tape casting and extrusion, should be dried before the binder burnout and sintering. Drying is also a key step in solid firee-form fabrication techniques that involve layer-by-layer deposition of colloidal suspensions. 

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