Solid acids and base-catalyzed clean

Mechanistic Studies of Solid Acids and Base-Catalyzed Clean Technologies... 

I 6 Mechanistic Studies of Solid Acids and Base-Catalyzed Clean Technologies Table 6.1 Tandem deprotection-aldol reaction with acids and bases."... 

The first part of this chapter is intended to survey recent literature on new catalytic materials because the development of new types of metal oxides and layered- and carbon-based materials with different morphologies opens up novel acid-base catalysis that enables new type of clean reaction technologies. Mechanistic considerations of acid- and base-catalyzed reactions should result in new clean catalytic processes for Green and Sustainable Chemistry, for example, transformations of biorenewable feedstock into value-added chemicals and fuels [21-35]. The latter part of this chapter, therefore, focuses on biomass conversion using solid acid and base catalysts, which covers recent developments on acid-base, one-pot reaction systems for carbon-carbon bond formations, and biomass conversion including synthesis of furfurals from sugars, biodiesel production, and glycerol utilization. 

Usually isomerization proceeds more cleanly over solid bases than over solid acids because of the absence of polymerization for the former. The turnover frequency is probably greater over solid bases. For example, the isomerization of a-pinene and related cyclic compounds having exo-cyclic double bonds efficiently catalyzed by solid bases such as SrO and MgO. ... 

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