Solid acids and bases

K. Tanabe, Solid Acids and Bases, Kodansha, Tokyo, 1976, p. 1. 

Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research 34, No.12, Dec.1995, p.4514-9 CHEMICAL RECYCLING OF WASTE PS INTO STYRENE OVER SOLID ACIDS AND BASES... 

Proceedings of the Annual International AlChE Meeting, Washington, DC, November 27-December 2, 1988 edited by M.L. Occelli and R.G.Anthony Volume 51 Mew Solid Acids and Bases.Their Catalytic Properties... 

K.Tanabe, Solid Acids and Bases, Academic Press, New York, 1970 Catalysis by Acids and Bases(B.Imelik, C.Naccache, G.Couduier, YBen Taarit and J.C. Vedrine eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984, p.l. 

Tanabe KJ (1970) Solid Acids and Bases Their Catalytic Properties. Academic Press, New York... 

Tanabe KJ, Misono M, Ono Y, Hattori H (1989) New Solid Acids and Bases Their... 

Catalytic transformations can be divided on the basis of the catalyst-type - homogeneous, heterogeneous or enzymatic - or the type of conversion. We have opted for a compromise a division based partly on type of conversion (reduction, oxidation and C-C bond formation, and partly on catalyst type (solid acids and bases, and biocatalysts). Finally, enantioselective catalysis is a recurring theme in fine chemicals manufacture, e.g. in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates, and a separate section is devoted to this topic. 

Sarup, B., Hommeltoft, S.I., Sylvest-Johansen, M., and Sogaard-Andersen, P., Proceedings of the DGMK-Conference Catalysis on Solid Acids and Bases, Berlin 1996, p. 175. 

New Solid Acids and Bases-their catalytic properties by K. Tanabs, M. MIsono, Y. Ono and H. Hattori... 

The vendor claims that the performance of the unit is unaffected by dissolved salts, suspended solids, acids and bases, or soluble organics content. They also claim that system removal of units operated in series can exceed 99.9% and that treatment rates of up to 500 gal/min are possible. 

K. Tanabe, M. Misono, Y. Ono, and H. Hattori, New Solid Acids and Bases, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Vol. 51, Kodansha, Tokyo, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989, Chapter 4, p. 215. 

While they are not solvents and solutions in the usual sense of the word, it is convenient here to introduce the concept of solid acids and bases. For example, consider the class of compounds known as zeolites. These are aluminosilicate structures with variable amounts of A1( II). Si(IV), metal cations, and water (see Chapter 16). 

From the temperature dependence of MC consumption shown in Fig. 8.17, an apparent activation energy for the reaction is estimated to be ca. 70 kJ mol-1. This kind of dehydrochlorination reaction from chloroethanes has previously been shown to occur on solid acids and bases.,8) Since the Ti02 surface has Lewis acid sites, the dehydrochlorination reaction may proceed on these acid sites. It is suggested that some of the HC1 produced remains on the Ti02 surface and may inhibit this reaction, but under photoillumination HC1 would be removed by a photocatalytic action of Ti02 as discussed below. 

Key trends for novel, environmentally more benign, processes are (i) replacement of stoichiometric processes by catalytic ones, (ii) process steps with 100% conversion and 100% selectivity (iii) the highest possible substrate concentration (iv) environmentally acceptable solvents with few solvent changes (v) avoidance of buffers and salt production, but instead use of solid acids and bases and pH-stat techniques. Examples of novel processes included in the discussion are ... 

Tanabe, K. "Solid Acids and Bases"-(Academic Press, 1970). 

Like the AVADA and the AlkyClean processes, these two processes also replace the liquid acid/base catalysts with solid acids and bases [192]. Although the reaction mechanism for the heterogeneous acid-catalyzed esterification is similar to the homogeneously catalyzed one [207,208], there is an important difference concerning the relationship between the surface hydrophobicity and the catalyst s activity. This is especially true for fatty acids, which are very lipophilic compounds. One can envisage three cases First, if there are isolated Bronsted acid sites surrounded by a... 

Tanabe, K., Misono, M., Ono, Y. and Hattori, H. New Solid Acids and Bases. Kodansha-Elsevier, Tokyo, 1989. 

K Tanabe Solid Acid and Base Catalysts This chapter deals with the types of solid acids and bases, the acidic and basic properties, and the structure ofacidic and basic sites. The chemical principles of the determination of acid-base properties and the mechanism for the generation of acidity and basicity are also described. Howacidid and basic properties are controlled chemically is discussed in connection with the preparation method of solid acids and bases. 

G. -M. Schwab History of Concepts in Catalysis. -J. Haber Crystallography of Catalyst Types. -G.Froment, L. Hasten Catalytic Kinetics Modelling. -A J. Lecloux Texture of Catalysts. - K Tanabe Solid Acid and Base Catalysts. 

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