Soils landscape

In juvenile soil landscapes, Se from parent materials is a very important factor controlling the biogeochemical food web in the whole ecosystem. 

Simon, M. Sanchez, S. Garcia, 1. (2000) Soil-landscape evolution on a Mediterranean high mountain. Catena 39 211-231... 

Illume, H.-R, and Leinweber, P. (2004). Plaggen soils Landscape history, properties, and classification. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 167,319-327. 

Ely, Christopher. 2000. Critics in the Native Soil Landscape and Conflicting Ideals of Nationality in Imperial Russia. Ecumene 7(3) 253—70. 

Alonso Zarza, A.M., Wright, V.P., Calvo, J.P. Carcia Del Cura, M.A. (1992) Soil-landscape and climatic relationships in the Middle Miocene of the Madrid Basin. Sedimentology, 39, 17-35. 

Grunwald, S. (ed.) 2006. Environmental Soil-Landscape Modeling Geographic Information Technologies and Pedometrics. CRC Press, New York. 488 pp. 

Grunwald, S. 2006b. What do we really know about the space-time continuum of soil-landscapes. In... 

At the end of stabilization the waste rock piles can be covered by top soil, landscaped and revegetated (Epps 1993). Often landscaping and revegetation are undertaken as a staged process in which areas are reclaimed as the active face of the mine or impoundment or waste rock pile is no longer needed. 

Wysocki DA, Schoenberger PJ, LaGarry HE (2000) Geomorphology of soil landscapes. In Sumner ME (ed) Handbook of soil science. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp E5-E39... 

Many factors affect the mechanisms and kinetics of sorption and transport processes. For instance, differences in the chemical stmcture and properties, ie, ionizahility, solubiUty in water, vapor pressure, and polarity, between pesticides affect their behavior in the environment through effects on sorption and transport processes. Differences in soil properties, ie, pH and percentage of organic carbon and clay contents, and soil conditions, ie, moisture content and landscape position climatic conditions, ie, temperature, precipitation, and radiation and cultural practices, ie, crop and tillage, can all modify the behavior of the pesticide in soils. Persistence of a pesticide in soil is a consequence of a complex interaction of processes. Because the persistence of a pesticide can govern its availabiUty and efficacy for pest control, as weU as its potential for adverse environmental impacts, knowledge of the basic processes is necessary if the benefits of the pesticide ate to be maximized. 

Soil is a key component of the rock cycle because weathering and soil formation processes transform rock into more readily erodible material. Rates of soil formation may even limit the overall erosion rate of a landscape. Erosion processes are also a key linkage in the rock cycle... 

The processes through which rainfall is turned into runoff, together with the nature of the material through which water moves, control the chemical characteristics of streamflow. Specific runoff mechanisms operating in a landscape control the flowpaths by which water moves through the landscape. Flowpath-depen-dent differences, such as the total time that water spends in contact with different soil horizons or bedrock (residence time), can strongly influence runoff amounts and timing, the relative contribution of event (new) versus stored (old) water, and runoff chemistry. 

Fig. 8-7 Three principal ratios control the style of runoff generation prevalent in a landscape (1) ratio of rainfall intensity to the infiltration capacity of the soil (2) ratio of bedrock conductivity to soil conductivity and (3) the topographic index defined by the ratio of the upslope drainage area to the ground slope. HOF = Horton overland flow SOF = saturation overland flow SSS = subsurface stormflow GWR = groundwater flow.

A fundamental distinction among landscapes is whether the net sediment flux (the total load carried by the river) is limited by the ability of erosional processes to carry sediment (transport-limited environments) or the availability of erodible material (weathering-limited environments). In general, soil-mantled landscapes can... 

On a larger scale, landscape development reflects those mechanisms that expose bedrock, weather it, and transport the weathering products away. Present and past tectonism, geology, climate, soils, and vegetation are all important to landscape evolution. These factors often operate in tandem to produce characteristic landforms that presumably integrate the effects of both episodic and continuous processes over considerable periods of time. 

In transport-limited conditions, however, susceptibility is not so important due to the isolating effect of thick soils. In the extreme situation of a flat landscape lowering at a uniform rate, the erosional contribution by a particular rock type should be related only to the area exposed. Solids would be cation-deficient. 

Palmer SM, Driscoll CT, Johnson CE. 2004. Long-term trends in soil solution and stream water chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest relationship with landscape position. Biogeochemistry 68(l) 51-70. 

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