Soil sulphur

It is well established that 95% or more of the total sulphur in 

In most well-drained soils the main inorganic component is sulphate, 

1% of total sulphur present. Where elemental sulphur has been used as 

Modern techniques have resolved the nature of inorganic sulphur in soils, but present methods are not suitable for the precise determination of the nature of the organic compounds. These, however, can be resolved into three broad groups - 

It has been shown that for Iowa soils from 0.29 to 0.45% of the total soil sulphur is associated with the lipid fraction, with an average 

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Bums, G. R., Oxidation of Sulphur in Soils, Sulphur Inst., Tech. Bull. 

Most soil sulphur is combined in organic compounds. Higher plants normally use sulphate ions although they can also assimilate sulphur-containing... 

Soil extractants can be conveniently placed in three groups on the basis of the soil sulphur form removed. 

ANDREW C.S. 1975. Evaluation of plant and soil sulphur tests in Australia, pp. 196-200. In Sulphur in Australasian Agriculture. 

BETTANY J.R. and STEWART J.W.B. 1982. Sulphur cycling in soils. "Sulphur 82". Conference Proceedings Vol 1 British Sulphur Corporation, London. 

FRENEY J.R. and SWABY R.J. 1975. Sulphur Transformations in Soils. Sulphur in Australasian Agriculture. Ed. McLachlan K. Sydney University Press. 

TSUJI T. and GOH K.M. 1979. Evaluation of soil sulphur fractions as sources of plant available sulphur using radioactive sulphur. New Zealand Journal Agricultural Research, 22, 595-602. 

Lead coatings are mainly applied by cladding and find principal use in the chemical industry for resistance to sulphuric acid, for cable sheathing resistant to attack by soils and in architectural applications where resistance to industrial atmospheres is particularly good. They rely for their protective action on the formation of insoluble corrosion products which stifle the corrosion reaction and lead to very long service lives, but the corrosion resistance is impaired when chlorides are present. 

F. J. Stevenson, Cycles of Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulphur, Micronutrients, J. Wiley Sons, New York, 1986,... 

H. W. Hunt, J. A. E. Stewart, and C. V. Cole, Concepts of sulphur, carbon and nitrogen transformations in soil evaluation of simulating modeling. Bioj eochemis-try 2 163 (1986). 

He ZL, Wu J, O Donnell AG, Syers JK (1997) Seasonal responses in microbial biomass carbon, phosphorus and sulphur in soils under pasture. Biol Fertil Soils 24 421 128... 

Prietzel J,Thieme J, Neuhausler U, Susini J, Kogel-Knabner I. Speciation of sulphur in soils and soil particles by X-ray spectromicroscopy. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2003 54 423-433. 

Boye K, Almkvist G, Nilsson SI, Eriksen J, Persson I. Quantification of chemical sulphur species in bulk soil and organic sulphur fractions by S K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2011 62 874-881. 

Zhu, X. P., Kotowski, M., Pawlowski, L., The relative importance of aluminum solid-phase component in agricultural soils treated with oxalic and sulphuric acids, in Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment, 3, eds. L.Pawlowski, M.A. Gonzalez,... 

Suppliers of visible spectrophotometers are reviewed in Table 1.1. Spectroscopic methods are applicable to the determination of phenols, chlorophenols, amines, mixtures of organics, boron, halogens, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soils, cationic surfactants, carbohydrates, total nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in non-saline sediments, boron, total organic carbon, total sulphur and arsenic in saline sediments, cationic surfactants, adenosine triphosphate and total organic carbon in sludges. 

This technique has found very limited applications in soil and sediment analysis and is particularly useful when routine automated analyses at the mg L 1 level of large numbers of samples is required. The technique has been applied to the determination of total phosphorus, total organic carbon and total nitrogen in soils, total organic carbon in non-saline sediments and total sulphur in saline sediments. 

This technique has been applied to the determination of arsenic, selenium, organocompounds of arsenic, mercury and tin in soils, carbohydrates, total sulphur, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium and organocompounds of mercury, tin and silicon in non-saline sediments, arsenic, bismuth, selenium or organotin compounds in saline sediments and arsenic and selenium in sludges. 

Combustion methods have been used to determine total sulphur and total organic carbon and total halides in soil, total and particulate organic carbon, total halide, phosphorus and nitrogen, total and particulate organic carbon in saline sediments and total nitrogen in sludges. 

It is seen by examination of Table 1.11(b) that a wide variety of techniques have been employed including spectrophotometry (four determinants), combustion and wet digestion methods and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (three determinants each), atomic absorption spectrometry, potentiometric methods, molecular absorption spectrometry and gas chromatography (two determinants each), and flow-injection analysis and neutron activation analysis (one determinant each). Between them these techniques are capable of determining boron, halogens, total and particulate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, silicon, selenium, arsenic antimony and bismuth in soils. 

Bottom soil is quite different from soil on land, particularly if it is collected from an anaerobic zone. Bottom soil specimens also have varying composition. The presence of elementary sulphur and organic compounds of sulphur greatly complicates analysis of the residual organochlorine... 

The Oxamyl in this extract is then determined by gas chromatography using on-column reaction with trimethylphenyl ammonium hydroxide, the derivative so formed being determined by a flame photometric detector operated in the sulphur mode. Both Oxamyl and Oxamyl oxime in the soil react with trimethylphenyl ammonium hydroxide to form the same methoxime derivative (CH3)2NCOC(SCH3) -NOCH3. 

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