Soil solarization temperature

Numerical and experimental studies. Soil Sci 131 82-87 Mahrer Y, Naot O, Rawaitz E, Katan J (1984) Temperature and moisture regimes in soils mulched with transparent polethylene. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48 362-367 Malathrakis NE, Loulakis MD (1989) Effectiveness of the type of polyethylene sheet on soil solarization. Acta Hort (ISHS) 255 235-242... 

McGovern RJ, McSorley R, Bell ML (2002) Reduction of landscape pathogens in Florida by soil solarization. Plant Dis 86 1388-1395. doi 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.12.1388 McLean KL, Swaminathan J, Stewart A (2001) Increasing soil temperature to reduce sclerotial viability of Sclerotium cepivorum in New Zealand soil. Soil Biol Biochem 33 137-143. doi 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00119-X... 

Pullman GS, DeVay JE, Garber RH (1981a) Soil solarization and thermal death a logarithmic relationship between time and temperature for four soilbome plant pathogens. Phytopathology... 

C. Assume that the maximum soil surface temperature occurs at 15 00 (3 hours after solar noon) for the daily case and on August 1 (day 213) for the annual case. When do the soil temperatures in B occur ... 

If soilborne pests ore a big problem in your garden, why waste your energy trying to combat them Let the sun do it for you This process, known as soil solarization, involves covering the soil with clear plastic, so the heat can build up and destroy the soil organisms and weed seeds. Keep in mind that the high temperatures can also harm beneficial insects and organisms that live in the soil only use this process when you have a serious pest or disease problem. 

Soil solarization works best in midsummer, just before fall crops are planted. It is also most effective in areas that have long stretches of clear, hot weather. If you have a rainy or cool spell during the solarization period, soil temperatures may not stay high enough to kill oft pathogens. 

Soil solarization, or heating soil with solar radiation, involves covering the soils with clean polyethylene sheets during summer or months with bright sunshine and clear skies. The process raises the soil heat and temperature, killing soil-bome pathogens and pests that lower the yield of most of the field crops. This... 

Texture, organic matter content, oxygen status and pH values of soil in use area(s) Amqlmts and timing of precipitation Temperature and solar irradiance in use area(s) (temperate vs. tropical vs. nordic)... 

The time of year in which a pesticide is applied significantly affects its dissipation rate due to temperature, moisture, and solar-irradiance effects on abiotic and biotic dissipation processes. For example, dissipation rates for agrochemical applications made in the springtime are normally greater than those observed for fall (autumn) applications. Thus, the timing of agrochemical applications made in field soil dissipation studies should closely match those occurring under acmal-use conditions. 

If basic calculations such as those presented are to be conducted, it is important to collect enough weather parameters to calculate reference evapotranspiration ETf). An on-site weather station should be considered a basic requirement minimum sensor requirements to calculate a Penman equation would include solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity or actual vapor pressure, and air temperature. An on-site rain gauge is essential but it is also a good idea to have a rain gauge on the weather station even if it is not directly on-site. The most accurate variations of the Penman equation calculate Tq on an hourly basis. However, Penman routines using daily summaries are typically satisfactory for the purpose of calculating soil-water recharge. 

The cover design and construction should optimize soil conditions for water use by plants. This is an important tool and can be used to ensure success of the ET cover. Plant growth and water use are controlled by soil and air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind, humidity, disease, and insect attack. Neither design nor construction practice can exert significant control over these factors but they can be considered during design to assure success. 

The rainfall regime in arid areas is characterized by low, irregular and unpredictable precipitation, often concentrated in a few rainstorms, creating humid conditions in the soil for a short period and over a limited area. In many arid areas, several years may elapse between successive rainfalls. The moisture supplied to the soil from rain is offset by evaporation, that is related to air temperature, air humidity and intensity of solar radiation. Because of the irregular rainfall distribution, mean precipitation values have little meaning, if not also the range of variation is indicated. 

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