Temperature solar

Steinfeld, A. and Kuhn, P, High-temperature solar thermochemistry Production of iron and synthesis gas by Fe304 reduction with methane, Energy, 18, 239,1993. 

Stapleton JJ, Ferguson L, McKenry MV, Dougherty DS, Stapleton SC (1999) Using solarization to disinfest soil for olive nursery production. Acta Hort (ISHS) 474 589-594 Stapleton JJ, Prather TS, Mallek SB, Ruiz TS, Elmore CL (2002) High temperature solarization for production of weed-free container soils and potting mixes. HortTechnol 12 541-740... 

Hydrogen is of interest as a means to deliver gaseous fuel from non-fossil primary energy resources such as nuclear reactors, or high temperature solar collectors. It is believed that hydrogen may phase into the energy market at such a time when fossil-based fuels either become too expensive or environmentally unsatisfactory. Hydrogen and biomass are the only two potentially visible options at the present time for the gas industry if that does take place. 

Solar high-temperature thermochemical High temperature thermochemical cycle materials High temperature solar reactor materials... 

Yogev, A., Kribus, A., Epstein, M., Kogan, A. 1998. Solar tower reflector systems a new approach for high-temperature solar plants. Int J Hydrogen Energy 23 239-245. 

Kodama T (2003) High temperature solar chemistiy for converting solar heat to chemical fuels. Prog Energy Gombust. Sci 29 567-597... 

In the US, two programs were reported High Temperature Solar Splitting of Methane to Hydrogen and Carbon, and Rapid Solar-thermal Dissociation of Natural Gas in an Aerosol Flow Reactor. 

Large-Scale, High-Temperature Solar Energy Systems... 

Kliewer WM. 1977 Influence of temperature, solar radiation and nitrogen on coloration and composition of Emperor grapes. Ant J Enol Vitic 28 96-103. 

Fast Response CO Sensor. The sensor requirements for eddy covariance measurements are extreme. To be used within a few meters of a plant canopy, the sensor must have a frequency response in excess of 20 Hz. Additionally, because the large mean density of CO2 in the atmosphere (about 560 mg m-3) and the deviations around the mean associated with turbulent transfer are small (>10 mg m-3), the sensor must have a signal to noise ratio in excess of 3500 1. The sensor must maintain these specifications for long durations, while mounted on a tower above the canopy, where it is exposed to constant changes in temperature, solar irradiation, and background gas concentrations. The instrument must unobtrusively sense the natural turbulant fluctuations of the atmosphere. To effectively accomplish this it must be small and streamlined. 

Liquid Collector A medium-temperature solar thermal collector, employed predominantly in water... 

High temperature solar thermochemical production - thermolysis... 

For liquids with low boiling points, such as most liquefied gases, the vaporization rate is normally driven by the rate of heat transfer from the ground by conduction and, to a lesser extent, by wind speed. Evaporation and boiling rates vary with time as the pool and the surface beneath it are cooled. The ground temperature is strongly influenced by ambient temperature, solar radiation and wind conditions prior to the spill. 

Unlike room temperature solar PV and photoelectrochemical electrolysis, the hybrid approach utilizes energy of the full solar spectrum, leading to substantially higher solar energy efficiencies. The IR radiation is energetically insufficient to drive conventional solar cells, and this solar radiation is normally discarded (by reflectance or as re radiated heat.) On the other hand, in the hybrid approach, as seen in Fig. 2... 

Elevated Temperature Solar Hydrogen Processes and Components... 

A. Yogev, A. Kribus, M. Epstein and A. Kogan, Solar Thermal Reflector systems A new approach for high-temperature solar plants, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 26 239-245 (1998). 

A. Kribus, P. Doron, R. Rubin, J. Kami, R. Reuven, S. Duchan, and E. Taragan, A multistage solar receiver the route to high temperature, Solar Energy, 67 2-11 (2000). 

T. Nakamura, Hydrogen production from water utilizing solar heat at high temperatures, Solar Energy, 19 467-475 (1977). 

R. Palumbo, J. Lede, 0. Boutin, E. Elorza Ricart, A. Steinfeld, S. Moeller, A. Weidenkaff, E.A. Fletcher, and J. Bielicki, The production of Zn from ZnO in a single step high temperature solar decomposition process, Chem. Eng. Sci., 53 2503-2518 (1998). 

E. A. Fletcher, F. Macdonald, and D. Kunnerth, High temperature solar electrothermal processing II. Zinc from zinc oxide, Energy, 10 1255-1272 (1985). 

R. D. Palumbo and E. A. Fletcher, High temperature solar electro thermal processing. III. Zinc from zinc oxide at 1200-1675 K using a non-consumable anode, Energy, 13 319-332 (1988). 

Meteorology Wind speed Wind direction Temperature Solar radiation Net radiation Precipitation etc. Continuously To estimate the dispersion factor, wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric stabilities are statistically analysed according to the JAEC s Guide. 

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