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Soil imidacloprid

Soil. The most important metabolic steps were oxidation at the imidazolidine ring, reduction or loss of the nitro group, hydrolysis to 6-chloronicotinic acid and mineralisation. Medium adsorption to soil, imidacloprid and soil metabolites are to be classified as immobile... [Pg.1914]

A.S. Felsot, R.G. Evans, and J.R. Ruppert, Field studies of imidacloprid distribution following application to soil through a drip irrigation system , in Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies Design, Interpretation and Purpose, ed. E.L. Arthur, V.E. Clay, and A. Barefoot, ACS Symposium Series No. 842, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (2003). [Pg.889]

The polar character of neonicotinoids makes them, in general, potentially mobile in soil. Acetamiprid and nitenpyram have short soil persistence. Imidacloprid and thi-amethoxam, however, are sufficiently persistent in soil to be used for soil treatment. The definition of soil residues for the various neonicotinoid compounds except for imidacloprid are the parent compound and it metabolites. The metabolites of acetamiprid are lM-1-2, lM-1-4 and lC-0 (Figure 6). The metabolites of nitenpyram are 2-[N-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl-methyl)-A-ethyl]amino-2-methyliminoacetic acid (CPMA) and A-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-Ai-ethyl-A -methylformamidine] (CPMF). [Pg.1138]

Organic solvent extraction. Two analytical methods for acetamiprid have been developed One method is for the parent only and the other determines the total residue of the parent and its metabolites (lM-1-2, lM-1-4 and lC-0). Air-dried soil (20-g equivalent dry soil) is weighed into a centrifuge tube and imidacloprid residue is extracted with 100 mL of methanol-0.1M ammonium chloride (4 1, v/v) using a mechanical shaker for about 30 min. After shaking, the tube is centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 2 min. The supernatant is filtered and the analysis of the soil residue is carried out in the same manner as described above for the parent compound. [Pg.1139]

The extraction method for imidacloprid residues has been presented by Westwood et al. A 20-g soil sample is extracted with 20 mL of acetonitrile-water (4 1, v/v) by... [Pg.1139]

SFE. SFE has been established as the extraction method of choice for solid samples. The usefulness of SFE for soil samples has been demonstrated for carbamate,organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides. However, SFE is more effective in extracting nonpolar than polar residues. In order to obtain a greater extraction efficiency for the polar residues of imidacloprid, the addition of 20% methanol as modifier is required. Extraction at 276 bar and 80 °C with a solvent consisting of supercritical carbon dioxide modified with methanol (5%) for 40 min gives a recovery of 97% (RSD = 3.6%, n = 10). It is possible to use process-scale SFE to decontaminate pesticide residues from dust waste. ... [Pg.1140]

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide with contact and stomach poison activity for control of sucking insects including aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, thrips, and whiteflies, and soil insects, termites, and some species of biting insects. It has an oral LD30 in rats of 450 mg/kg. [Pg.60]

Most soils have a pH ranging from 4 to 9. The degradation of pesticides such as organo-phosphates and carbamates is affected by the pH of the soil. Most organophosphates are hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, but diazinon is unstable in acid soils. Carbamates such as carbofuran are also hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. The persistence of neonicotinoids is primarily determined by the pH. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, whereas thiacloprid and acetamiprid are less stable... [Pg.234]

Pesticides in soils are acutely toxic and genotoxic to earthworms. The pesticides imidacloprid and RH-5849, for example, have been shown to be lethal at high concentrations and to induce significant DNA damage at lower concentrations. I16l... [Pg.123]

Imidacloprid (1) provides additional control of Cokopteran spp. (e.g., rice water and tobacco weevil, Colorado potato beetle, rice leaf beetle, wrreworms, grubs and other soil beetles) and Dipterans spp. (e.g., fruit fly, beet fly, bean and onion fly) and of selected micro-lepidopteran species (e.g., citrus, apple and potato leaf miner), ants Hymenoptera spp.), termites Isoptera spp.), cockroaches, grasshoppers and crickets Orthoptera spp.) [53]. [Pg.987]

Like other insecticides, thiamethoxam is transformed in the insect, crop, soil and other compartments to variable degrees to yield products that may not or may be active in their own right. An example for the latter case m the neonicotinoid class is imidacloprid, which is metabolized via hydroxylated intermediates to an olefin product that is more active than the parent compound by one order of magnitude in aphids screens and in receptor binding 20. 21). [Pg.76]


See other pages where Soil imidacloprid is mentioned: [Pg.364]    [Pg.1646]    [Pg.71]    [Pg.54]    [Pg.61]    [Pg.250]    [Pg.1381]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.435]    [Pg.54]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.985 ]




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