Soft energy drinks

There is also a growing interest in drinks with associated special characteristics. These products will often contain sugars for energy, caffeine for stimulation and vitamins, amino acids and maybe herbs which impart some unique selling property as a health benefit. A very good example of this type of product is Red Bull, which is described, according to its website, thus Red Bull is much more than a soft drink - it is an energy drink. It was made for moments of increased physical and mental stress and improves endurance, alertness, concentration and reaction speed. In short it vitalizes body and mind. ... 

CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOFT DRINKS AND FRUIT JUICES 13.6.2 Energy drinks... 

Seafood, vegetables, olive oil, dairy products, energy drinks, fruit Juices, soft drinks Al [89, 90]... 

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. Present in coffee, tea, soft drinks, energy drinks, chocolate, and cocoa, caffeine... 

While sports drinks and energy drinks dominate the functional soft drinks sector in most countries, there are a growing number of other functional lines coming onto the market. Sales of these other drinks in Japan, the USA, Australia, and key European countries totalled nearly 1.87 billion litres in 2000, equivalent to a market value of approximately US 4 billion, or 26% of total functional soft drinks sales (LFRA, 2001b). This sector of the market is relatively small and undeveloped in most countries, however, and is highly fragmented, with relatively high levels of product activity not yet reflected in terms of market size. 

The basic process outline is depicted in Figure 5.2 moist un-roasted coffee beans and CO2 are fed counter-currently into the extractor under supercritical conditions. Caffeine is selectively extracted into the CO2 and this stream is led to a water-wash column to remove caffeine at a reduced pressure, the CO2 being recycled back to the extraction column. Extraction of the caffeine into water is necessary to avoid dropping the CO2 pressure too low, since compression is energy-intensive. There is now the problem of separating the caffeine (which is used in soft drinks and pharmaceu-... 

Self-Test A.2B How much energy has to be expended to carry a soft drink (mass 0.350 kg) to the top of the Sears Tower in Chicago (height 443 m) ... 

Note that the carbon electrode takes part in the reaction. From the reaction stoichiometry, we can calculate that a current of 1 A must flow for 80 h to produce 1 mol A1 (27 g of aluminum, about enough for two soft-drink cans). The very high energy consumption can be greatly reduced by recycling, which requires less than 5% of the electricity needed to extract aluminum from bauxite (Box 14.1). Note also that the production of 1 tonne of aluminum is accompanied by the release of more than 1 tonne of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 

The third major area for development is that of soft drinks containing ingredients that enable some special nutritional or physiological claim to be made for the product. This will usually be an energy claim because soft drinks are an ideal vehicle for delivering carbohydrates, some in specially formulated mixtures, in a readily and rapidly assimilable form. Of the other nutrients that can be included, fruit juice, vitamins and minerals are the most common, but some products contain significant levels of protein or even fibre (as non-metabolisable carbohydrate). 

The nutritional value of soft drinks is sometimes exaggerated by manufacturers who want consumers to perceive their products to be of special benefit. That said, the value of soft drinks must not be understated, because they are an essential vehicle for hydration. Soft drinks are usually absorbed more readily than water (because of their osmolality), can replace lost salts and energy quickly and are rapidly thirst quenching. Their balance of sweetness and acidity, coupled with pleasant flavours, makes them attractive to all ages of consumers. Products are specially formulated to meet the tastes, nutritional needs and physiological constraints of the whole population, from babies to geriatrics. 

There are three main areas of particular nutritional significance for soft drinks. The fust is energy. Some soft drinks are formulated to deliver a rapidly... 

Fuel boxes can be distributed like soft drinks to multiple distribution channels, even dispensing machines. Consumers can get their fuel anywhere and any time. By 2025, one-quarter of the industrialized vehicle fleet uses fuel cells, which also account for half of new sales. Renewables start out slowly but pick up speed after 2025. Some one billion metric tons of co2 are sequestered in 2025, and, after 2025, hydrogen is widely produced from coal, oil and gas fields, with carbon dioxide extracted and sequestered cheaply at the source. Also, large-scale renewable and nuclear energy schemes to produce hydrogen by electrolysis become attractive by 2030. ... 

The recycling of plastics also contributes to energy efficiency. Soft drink bottles made from polyethylene terephthalate reached a recycling rate of 41% in the U.S. in 1995 (19). Recycling is becoming widespread, and many studies are in progress to develop new and improved recycling practices. 

When you put soft drinks into a cooler containing ice, heat is absorbed from the soft drinks to melt the ice. The energy involved in the phase change from solid water to liquid water is responsible for cooling the soft drinks. 

Interpreting Data Use your data to calculate the number of kilojoules of energy liberated per gram of each food item. Assume that the water in the soft-drink can has a density of 1.00 g/mL and that the specific heat of the water is 4.19 J/g°C. 

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