Vermiculite, sodium

Figure 7.37 Comparison of the X-ray crystal structure of (a) / -sulfonatocalix[4]arene with (b) the naturally occurring clay mineral sodium vermiculite. (Reproduced with permission from [49]).

Curtis, C.D., Brown, P.E. and Somogyi, V.A., 1969. A naturally occurring sodium vermiculite from Unst, Shetland. Clay Miner., 8 15-19. 

The above interpretation is probably valid for most expanding montmoril-lonite clays, of which only sodium hectorite was studied in addition to sodium Wyoming bentonite. An exceptional behavior is shown by sodium vermiculite clay, an expanding clay differing essentially from the other expanding clays in the charge density, which is about twice as high. 

A in smectite [23] and 15.0 A in hydrated sodium vermiculite [24]. Second, the hydrated layer in sodium vermiculite is 9.4 A, while the inorganic layer in Na5[calix[4]arene sulfonate] 12 H2O is 8.3 A. A more complete comparison has been presented [19]. 

E. J. Weiss, and R. A. Rowland, 1963. A glycol-sodium vermiculite complex. Clays Clay Min,... 

Min., Proc. 11th Natl. Conf. Oxford/London/New York/ Paris Pergamon Press, pp. 178-187. -------, 1965. Thermodynamics of interlayer adsorption of water in clays. I. Sodium vermiculite. 

Soda ash, slaked lime, limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. Cover spills with vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, clay, or fine sand followed by one of the decontaminants. 

Spill/Leak Disposal If leaks or spills of Sarin occur, only personnel in full protective clothing will remain in the area. Spills must be contained by covering with vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, clay, fine sand, sponges, and paper or cloth towels. Decontaminate with copious amounts of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (a minimum of 10 wt.%). Scoop up all material and place it in a DOT approved container. Cover the contents with decontamination solution as above. After sealing, the exterior will be decontaminated and labeled according to EPA and DOT regulations. All leaking containers will be over packed with sorbent (e.g., vermiculite) placed between the interior and exterior containers. 

RECOMMENDED FIELD PROCEDURES The mustard should be contained using vermiculite, diatomaceious earth, clay or fine sand and neutralized as soon as possible using copious amounts of 5.25 percent Sodium Hypochlorite solution. 

Salts, sawdust, scrap metals, shales, silicates, soda ash, sodium chloride, sodium compounds, sodium cyanide, sponge iron, steel turnings, stone wool, sugar, sulfur Teas, tin, titanium sponge, turnings Urea, urea formaldehyde Vanadium, vermiculite, vitamins Waxes, welding powder, wood dust, wood shavings Yeast (dry)... 

Quite often Al, Fe, and Mg hydroxides partially fill the interlayer position of the derived vermiculites and decrease their exchange capacity and their ability to contract completely to 10 A when heated or when treated with a potassium solution. This material can usually be removed by treating the clay with a solution of sodium citrate (Tamura,1958). As the content of hydroxy interlayer material increases, the expandable clay tends to assume the character of a chlorite. Thus, in the weathering of a mica or illite it is not uncommon to form discrete vermiculite-like, beidellite-like, monf-morillonite-like and chlorite-like layers. These various layers can occur as discrete packets or interstratified in a wide variety of proportions. 

Wear butyl rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Work in the fume hood. Absorb the liquid on vermiculite and allow it to evaporate or cover it with sodium carbonate and package and label for incineration.2... 

Good fire extinguishers are diy sand, diatomaceous earth and cement however, they should be used in large quantities to absorb the liquid and create a 100-150 mm protective layer, the air access to the burning product is stopped. An efficient fire extinguisher is porous vermiculite, a micalike material (the apparent density is 0.112 g/cm3), which floats to the surface of organoaluminum compounds and puts out the flame. This fire can also be extinguished by sodium chloride treated with 0.05% fuchsin. Aluminu-... 

The compression of the interlayer water between the unit layers of the vermiculite clay is probably a consequence of the large attractive force between the negatively charged unit layers and a densely populated layer of sodium ions midway between the unit layers. This large attractive force also keeps the unit layers from swelling beyond a two-layer complex. 

Gast, R. G. and W. D. Klobe. 1971. Sodium-lithium exchange equilibria on vermiculite at 25° and 50 °C. Clays Clay Miner. 19 311-319. 

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