Sodium, reaction with phosphorus

Aryl sulphonic acids, either free or in the form of tlieir sodium or potassium salts, are converted into the acid chlorides by reaction with phosphorus peutu-chloride or phosphorus oxychloride, for example ... 

In a similar vein, the keto bridge in 5 can be replaced by oxygen with retention of activity. Reduction of acetophenone derivative 19 by means of sodium borohydride leads to the corresponding alcohol (20). Reaction with phosphorus tribromide with cyanide gives... 

Phosphorus pentachloride, 79 40, 42-44 end use of chlorine, 6 135t sodium reactions with, 22 766 Phosphorus pentafluoride, 79 33 Phosphorus pentahalides, 79 31-33 Phosphorus pentoxide, 79 49, 69. See also Phosphorus(V) oxides as cellulose solvent, 77 272 in hydrogen fluoride manufacture, 74 11 vapor of, 79 49... 

Aryloxymethyl chlorides may be prepared by the reaction of sodium aryloxymethanesulfonates with phosphorus pentachloride. The chlorination of anisole does not, as previously reported, give phenoxymethyl chloride, but rather a mixture of p- and o-chloroanisoles. Similarly, anisole and other unsubstituted methyl aryl ethers undergo ring chlorination with phosphorus pentachloride and chlorine, whereas ring-chlorinated anisoles, such as />-chloroanisole, undergo chlorination at the methyl group with chlorine at 190-195° in the presence of a catalytic amount of phosphorus pentachloride. ... 

A First, a reaction with phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachioride can be used to convert 2-pyridone into 2-chloropy= ridine. and then this compound is subjected to an addition-elimination reaction with methoxide ion (from sodium methoxide) (Scheme 2,26). Note chloride is a much better leaving group than methoxide. 

The structure XXII for rhynehophylline has been confirmed, and the relative stereochemistry at C-15 and C-20 has been elucidated, by a total synthesis (80) of (+) JV-methylrhynchophyllane (XXVI) (Marion s N-methylisorhynchophyllane), which had been prepared earlier by methyl-ation of (iso)rhynchophyllane with sodium methoxide and methyl iodide (28). The lactone (XXVII) of threo-3,4-diethyl-5-hydroxyvaleric acid was converted by reaction with phosphorus pentachloride into the corresponding S-chloroacid chloride (XXVIII), which on treatment with methylaniline gave the anilide XXIX. Reduction of XXIX with lithium aluminum hydride gave the aldehyde XXX, which slowly reacted with... 

The preparation of mercaptopyrazines (1) by the reaction of halogenopyrazines with sodium (or potassium) hydrogen sulfide or sodium polysulfide in various solvents (780, 790, 799, 805, 809, 821, 858, 890, 892, 993, 1006-1011), by reaction with phosphorus pentasulfide in pyridine (1013), and by reaction with thiourea in acid (905) and in alcohol followed by alkali (535) has been described in Section V.5G. 

Sodium starch glycolate is a super disintegrant made from cross-linking sodium carboxymethylstarch. Cross-linking involves a chemical reaction with phosphorus oxytrichloride or sodium trimetaphosphate, or a physical... 

Starches have been chemically modified to improve their solution and gelling characteristics for food applications. Common modifications involve the cross linking of the starch chains, formation of esters and ethers, and partial depolymerization. Chemical modifications that have been approved in the United States for food use, involve esterification with acetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, mixed acid anhydrides of acetic and adipic acids, and 1-octenylsuccinic anhydride to give low degrees of substitution (d.s.), such as 0.09 [31]. Phosphate starch esters have been prepared by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride, sodium trimetaphosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate the maximum phosphate d.s. permitted in the US is 0.002. Starch ethers, approved for food use, have been prepared by reaction with propylene oxide to give hydroxypropyl derivatives [31]. 

Starch granules have been cross-linked with phosphate by the reaction of an aqueous alkahne (pH 8-12) suspension reaction with phosphorus oxychloride [161]. Trimetaphosphate has also been used to produce phosphate cross-linkages. These reactions are primarily with the C-6-OH groups and only a minimal number with the C-3-OH groups [162]. Starch phospho esters can be obtained by phosphorylation with sodium triphosphate at pH of 8.5 [163]. 

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