Sodium pertechnetate

One method for the labeling of liposomes with chelator, hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) was developed by Phillips et al. (16). Lipophilic HMPAO enters the liposome where it interacts with glutathione and becomes converted to the hydrophilic form, which is trapped in the liposome. A detailed protocol for radiolabeling liposomes using Tc-HMPAO has been reported (3). In a typical experiment, 10 to 15mCi (370-555 MBq) of Tc in the form of sodium pertechnetate... 

Early in 1970, Few et al. [10] radiolabelled polystyrene particles for a mucociliaiy clearance study. The radiolabelled aerosols were produced by a spinning-disk generator. The technique involves the key steps of extracting sodium pertechnetate (Na " Tc04) into chloroform as tetraphenylarsonium pertechnetate, followed by evaporation of the chloroform. A solution of polystyrene is added to the radioactive residue and dispersed Scheme 1). This technique has subsequently been adopted by... 

Elution of Tc as sodium pertechnetate from a Mo- Tc generator Adjustment of pH to 7-9 with concentrated NH4OH... 

MIRD/dose estimate report //8. Summary of current radiation dose estimates to normal humans from 99mTc as sodium pertechnetate. J. Nucl. Med. 1976, 17, 74-77. 

FIGURE 4.2 Mean gastric emptying curves from radiolabeled formulations of cholestyramine, sucralfate, and Carbopol (n = 10 mean S.E.M.). The cholestyramine formulation was labeled with "mTc-sodium pertechnetate, the sucralfate formulation with 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and Carbopol with "mTc-tin colloid. (From Jackson, S.L., Bush, D., and Perkins, A.C., Int. J. Pharm., 212, 55, 2001. With permission). 

The tren-based heteroditopic receptor 22, featuring a tripodal tetrahedral amide hydrogen-bond anion-recognition site in combination with benzo-15-crown-5 ether cation-binding moieties, has been found to cooperatively bind chloride, iodide, and perrhenate anions via co-bound crown ether-complexed sodium cations. It also can efficiently extract the radioactive sodium pertechnetate from simulated aqueous nuclear waste streams. The anion-binding affinity of 22 is considerably reduced in the absence of a co-bound cation <1999CC1253>... 

The compound Na[Tc3(CO)9(OMe)4] prepared by the incomplete carbonylation of sodium pertechnetate in methanol shows promises as an important reagent for the future. It has been used to prepare LTc(CO)3, Tc2(CO)io, and various arene and cyclopentadienyl complexes (see Arene Complexes and Cydopentadienyl). The reaction conditions for these syntheses are moderately mild. 

Sodium pertechnetate, Na Tc04 from the generator is the starting material for all radiopharmaceuticals based on 99mTc xhe generator eluate, Tc04, is introduced into... 

Preparation of solution of the drug to be radiolabeled Addition of sodium pertechnetate to the drug solution Spray-drying of the solution ... 

Sodium pertechnetate placed in carbon crucible inside Technegas generator... 

Technetium compounds are the most widely used radiopharmaceuticals the highest excretion in breast milk occurs with sodium pertechnetate and the lowest with technetium diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid, which is rapidly excreted by the kidneys. Depending on the type of examination and the dose of radiopharmaceutical, the mother should be advised to withhold breastfeeding for 12-24 hours. Advice may also be required concerning external radiation when the mother holds the child. 

Technetium-99m containing drugs are prohibited from sale if these contain a radionuclide impurity mentioned in the monograph for Sodium Pertechnetate Tc-99m injection. 

Each vial contains the non radioactive materials necessary to prepare one patient dose, which is a sterile, lyophilized formulation, containing 1.25 mg of Arcitumomab and 0.29 mg of stannous chloride per vial, with potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium chloride, acetic acid, glacial, hydrochloric acid, and sucrose. Technetium Tc 99 m Arcitumomab, is formed by reconstitution of the contents of this vial with 30 mCi of Tc 99 m sodium pertechnetate in 1 mL of sodium chloride for injection, LISP. 

Strontium chloride Sr 89 injection Sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m injection... 

Mo is separated from other radionuclides generated by this process (Barnes and Boyd 1982). Strict limits for radionuclidic impurities are stated in the monograph on sodium pertechnetate [ Tc] injection solution (Council of Europe 2005 a). 

Technetium may exist in seven oxidation states. In the " Tc eluate, the chemical species is " Tc(VII)-pertechnetate. The Ph. Eur. states that not less than 95% of the radioactivity is identified as sodium pertechnetate [ Tc] by paper chromatography. 

In the Ph. Eur., sodium pertechnetate [ Tc] and other Tc species are analyzed by descending paper chromatography (Council of Europe 1997 a). The solvent used consists of eight parts of methanol and two parts of water. The chromatogram is developed for 2 h, dried, and the distribution of radioactivity is measured with a suitable detector. Not less than 95% of the recovered radioactivity is located in the spot corresponding to pertechnetate ion, which has an Revalue of approximately 0.6. Reduced, colloidal forms remain at the start of the chromatogram. 

In the laboratory, ascending thin-layer chromatography on silica gel glass fiber sheets is used for analysis (Brandau et al. 1996). Acetone is recommended as solvent. Sodium pertechnetate [ Tc] migrates with the solvent front (R =1.0). Reduced, hy-drolized activity is analyzed in saline (Rf = 0). 

Shukla SK, Manni GB, Cipriani C (1977) Effect of aluminium impurities in the generator-produced pertechnetate-99m ion on thyroid scintigrams. Eur J Nucl Med 2 137-141 United States Pharmacopeial Convention (2005) Official monographs USP 28, sodium pertechnetate Tc injection. United States pharmacopeia (USP) 28 - national formulary (NF) 23, p 1861... 

Bish RE, Silverstein D, Bede JI (1980) Radiopharmaceutical-radiochromatography quality assurance with a radioisotope calibrator. J Radioanal Chem 57 565-573 Carpenter AP (1986) Radioanalytical techniques ITLC, TLC, mini columns and electrophoresis. In Wieland DM, Tobes MC, Mangner TJ (eds) Analytical and chromatographic techniques in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Council of Europe (1982) Sodium pertechnetate [ " Tc] injection (fission). Monograph (124). European pharmacopeia. Strasbourg... 

Radiopharmaceutical kits for labeling with Tc eluate contain tin(II)-ion for reduction of sodium pertechnetate to lower valency states, which are chemically reactive. Tin(II) salts are easily oxidized, even by the oxygen in air. Certain chemicals are also assumed to enhance the oxidation of tin(II) to tin(IV). Therefore, determination of tin(II) in radiopharmaceutical kits is an important aspect of quality control. 

Chemical name Sodium pertechnetate Sodium pertechnetate " Tc injection (fission) Ph. Eur.) Technetium Tc 99m pertechnetate injection USP) Tc(VII)-Na-pertechnetate Chemical structure r 1 [ cr " 0 Pertechnetate anion ( " TcO )... 

Sodium pertechnetate is eluted from an approved generator with ster-... 

Sodium pertechnetate Tc is a clear, colorless solution for intravenous injection. The pH value is 4.0-8.0 Ph. Eur.). 

Sodium pertechnetate Tc-99m was introduced for scanning the thyroid (Harper 1964) and for brain scanning (McAfee et al. 1964 Quinn 1965), primarily because of its physical properties other applications followed (Harper et al. 1966). The striking similarity of the heptavalent anion with iodide, however, has made pertechnetate an excellent radionuclide for thyroid scanning and for the study of thyroid physiology (Andros et al. 1965 Kusic et al. 1990). 

Radiochemical Purity. Sodium pertechnetate [ Tc] must satisfy the requirements stated in the European Pharmacopeia (Council of Europe 2004a). More than 95% of Tc activity must be present as pertechnetate anion. 

Storage. Sodium pertechnetate " Tc injection is stored at room temperature with shielding. 

---