Sodium humate

Figure 14.6. Infrared spectra of a KBr pellet of 3% sodium humate (Aldrich) and an NMR spectrum of a mixture of toluene, hexanoic acid, and octanal. The functionalities responsible for the absorption features are labeled. 

Stabilization of a radical anion of humic acid may be caused by an adsorption effect. Bijl (3) observed that solid barium hydroxide octahydrate turned blue when placed in a solution of quinhydrone the blue solid was highly paramagnetic. Under the conditions we used for preparing these salts, insoluble sodium humate (with a large surface area) could have stabilized the anion radical by adsorption from the basic solution. Weiss and McNeil (18) observed a similar phenomenon with base soluble xanthenes, and proposed that biradicals may be formed in such a system. His compounds, however, do not appear to have the structural requirements to satisfy such a stabilized system. The recent report by Weber (29) on the spin content increase associated with the basification of a naphthoquinone-naphthohydroquinone system seems to parallel our observations quite closely. 

Finally, use of square (Lee et al., 2002b) or half (Lee et al., 2003) wave-pulsed electric fields of given frequency was found to be effective to mitigate anionic membrane fouling in presence of sodium humate. 

Van de Venter, H. A., Furter, M., Dekker, J., and Cronje, I. J. (1991). Stimulation of seedling root growth by coal-derived sodium humate. Plant Soil 138,17-21. 

In Figure 4 the dependence of [Eu3 ]f as function of [Eu]c is depicted, the plot featuring the vertical asymptote at [Eu]c = 5.1xl0 "5 mol/L. Since the corresponding amount of sodium humate... 

In the case of cesium no significant variations in [mJ0 were observed for (HA)W at least up to 1 g/L, neither in the acetate nor in the phosphate buffer system. Assuming the existence of 1 1 complexes only and taking the original sodium content in the sodium humate (27) as a measure for sites available for cesium complexa-tion, we find log 8 <1.2,... 

The study of Lafrance and Mazet [549] not only provided further confirmation of the beneficial effect of cations (Na ) but also clarified its mechanism by analyzing the effect of sodium salt concentration on the zeta potential of a commercial powdered activated carbon (see Section I V.B. 1). The reported uptakes of a commercial. sodium humate remained <100 mg/g (at 10 mg/L). In the study of Annesini et al. [556], even at humic acid concentrations of 20 mg/L the uptake did not exceed 10 mg/g. These uptakes should be contrasted with those reported recently by Newcombe and Drikas [566] and illustrated in Fig. 23 at low pH, when electrostatic repulsive forces (see Section IV.B. 1) are eliminated, the uptake at comparable concentrations can be as high as 200-300 mg/g. 

Polyacrylamide Polyoxyethylene nonyl phenol ether Polyvinyl sulfonic acid Sulfonated benzene sodium salt Naphthalene sulfonic acid Tallow soap Isobutylene Maleic anhydride Sodium humate (extracted from brown coal) Butyric acid lauryl ethylene diamine salt ... 

FIGURE 4. Gel permeation chromatography of sodium humate on Sephadex G-lOO using water as eluent showing the effect of sample size on the elution pattern. 

FIGURE 11. Fourier transform infrared spectra of (A) H O, (B) solution of sodium humate in H 0. and (C) spectrum of sodium humate obtained by ratioing (B) with (A) (path length = 17.6 m. CaF2 cells) (MacCarthy et al, I97. >). 

Figure 12 shows the spectra of slurries of humic acid and Cu +-humate in H 0. The main difference between the spectrum of sodium humate (Fig. i 1C pH 8.0) and that of humic acid (Fig. I2A) is the occurrence of the band centered at —1700 cm in the latter. Upon neutralization, this band decreases in intensity considerably and new bands appear at —1570 and -1395 cm consistent with the ionization of carboxylic acid groups. The fact that the —1700 cm band has practically disappeared at pH 8.0 indicates that this band is due almost exclusively to carboxyl groups with little contribution from aldehyde and ketone groups. This is consistent with what has been reported by other workers (Wagner and Stevenson, 1965 Theng et al.. 1967) using the KBr pellet method on dried samples. 

Lindquist, I. (1970). A small angle X-ray scattering study of sodium humate solutions. Acta Chem. Scand. 24, 3068-3069. 

Wershaw, R. L., Burcar, P. J., Sutula, C. L., and Wiginton, B. J. (1967). Sodium humate solution studies with small-angle X-ray scattering. Science 157, 1429-1431. 

A composition was proposed consisting of sodium humates - plastisising component - and stabilizing components (Na2C03, CaO), carboxymethyl cellulose [282]. At a total consumption of 1 wt.% per tonne of coal, 600 tonnes of suspensions was obtained containing 60-61 wt% of... 

Natural Organic Content-Colored Matter. The interaction of a pesticide with natural organic material, called humic and fulvic acids, has received little attention. Recently Wershaw et al. (24) showed that sodium humate stabilizes DDT in water and humic acid sorbed 2,4,5-T. LLE of water containing these materials and pesticides is yet another area to consider. 

Yi, J. Z., and Zhang L. M. (2008). Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium humate/pol3racrylamide/ clay hybrid hydrogels. Bioresource Technol.. 99, 2182-2186. 

Humic acid, sodium salt. See Sodium humate Humulus americanus Humulus americanus oil. See Hops (Humulus lupulus) oil Humulus lupulus Humulus lupulus extract. See Hops (Humulus lupulus) extract Humulus lupulus oil. See Hops (Humulus lupulus) oil... 

Uses Corrosion inhibitor in organic systems lubricating oil additive flame-retardant siloxane resin additive Sodium humate... 

PPG-28-buteth-35 PPG-33-buteth-45 Sodium acetate anhydrous Sodium humate Sodium nitrate... 

Trimethylolpropane tricaprylate/tricaprate ZELEC 887 268-608-0 Sodium humate 268-624-8 TEA-polyphosphate 268-638-4 TEA-taiiate 268-643-1 Ammonium tallate 268-648-9... 

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