Social accountability

The PACE-T(H2) model analyses the world economy based on the GTAPinGAMS structure (Rutherford, 1998). It incorporates top-down benchmark data in the form of social accounting matrices to which the model is calibrated. The main data source for the calibration of national and international commodity flows is the GTAP5 database (GTAP, 2002). The trade shares of hydrogen and conventional cars are taken from the sector Motor vehicles and parts of the GTAP database. 

ISEAL Alliance /Social Accountability in Sustainable Agriculture, Bonn. 

Lorenzen, R.P., Neil, C., Corbo, K. and Courville, S. 2004. SASA Pinal Report on Social Standards and Social Auditing Methodologies. Social Accountability in Sustainable Agriculture, International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling, Bonn. 

SASA Project 2003. Burkina Faso Organic/Fair Trade Mango Researcher Notes and Audit Report. Social Accountability in Sustainable Agriculture, ISEAL Alliance, Kaslo. 

Recent polls in the United Kingdom show that only 22 percent of the UK public has a favorable attitude to the chemical industry. The main reason is concern over environmental pollution. However, issues of social accountability are also growing in importance, specifically perceived secrecy, profit orientation, and bad publicity (Worcester, 1999). 

Social Accountability (SA) 8000 (SAI, 1998) is a certifiable, auditable standard containing nine principles focused on labor and human rights for international workplaces. Many of the International Labor Organization s workplace standards were incorporated into SA8000. 

Finally, there is an accreditation process for social accountability audits under Social Accountability, Inc. This entity accredits organizations - known as certification bodies - to conduct audits, certifying workplaces as complying with SA8000. Accreditation must be earned before a firm can have its staff perform SA8000 certification audits (SAI, 2004). 

Social Accountability International (SAI), SA 8000, 1998. Available at http //www. sa-intl.org/S A8000/SA8000.htm, March 13, 2004. 

For investors to put Bhopal into perspective it is important to recognize one important factor - Bhopal is not just a synonym for industrial disaster, it is a leading test case for what is alleged to be wrong with the lack of corporate social accountability in the globalized economy. The actions of Union Carbide, and now Dow, are perceived worldwide as those of foreign investors more concerned about damage control than about the hundreds of thousands of human lives their operations have destroyed. 

S. Rosen, National Income and Other Social Accounts. Holt, New York, 1972. 

Table 3.19 shows that the early activity mainly occurred in the USA and the UK across a number of different industry sectors. Traidcraft, established in 1979, was the first business in the UK to develop voluntary social accounts and to publish independently audited social reports. 

The organisation believes that social accounting could be modelled on traditional financial accounting practice provided it is recognised that modifications will have to... 

Institute for Marketecology (IMO) was founded in 1989, and IMOgroup AG was founded in 2006 in Switzerland. The Institute for Marketecology is an international agency for inspection, certification and quality assurance of eco-friendly products. For more than 20 years, IMO has been active in the field of organic certification, but it is also active in the sectors of namral textiles, sustainable forestry and social accountability monitoring (Url-31). 

SA8000, 2008. Social Accountability 8000. Social Accountability International, New York. 

Purpose Business motive Quahty assurance and enhancement of standards social accountability... 

Besides the product, today the business is seen in terms of its sustainability at various production chains and it should encompass not only environmental protection, but also social accountability—accountability to the work force as well as to the consumers. A new OEKOTEX Certification System for various production sites can be used by the brands, retailers, and suppliers to convey to consumers that their production is completely sustainable. It guarantees environmentally friendly production processes, and in relation to social accountability, it assures optimum health and safety conditions and a socially acceptable work atmosphere. It apphes to fiber production, spinning and weaving, and finishing facilities, as well as garment manufacturing. As of Jun. 2013, OEKOTEX Certification for production sites was replaced by the Sustainable Textile Production (STeP) Certification label, and its responsibility is with the OEKOTEX Association, with 16 member institutes present in over 60 countries (https //www.oeko-tex.com/en/ manufacturers/concept/sustainable textile production step/step.xhlml). 

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