Soap tree bark

In the form of concentrates, some saponins are used as foaming agents, emulsifiers and antioxidants glycyrrhizin from liquorice is used as a sweetener in the manufacture of confectionery and tobacco. In the manufacture of some soft drinks, as well as in the production of the famous English ginger beer, saponins from the soap tree bark Quillaja saponaria, Quillajaceae) are used as foaming agents. Saponins are commonly used also in cosmetic products (shampoos and other hair preparations). 

Common/vernacular names Soapbark, soap tree bark, murillo bark, quillaja, Panama bark, Panama wood, and China bark. 

Nerolidol is a natural occurring aliphatic SQT-alcohol that possesses one chiral center in its structure it prevails as a mixture of its cis and trans-form. It is an isomer of famesol, from which it is distinguishable by a different position of one double bond and the hydroxyl-group. Nerolidol is a major component of EO extracted from many plants [50-52]. It has a woody aroma reminiscent of tree bark. It is used to enhance flavor and aroma and is also used as a fragrance in perfumes, cosmetics, shampoos, toilet soaps and, household products. [53]. 

The adjuvant activity of saponins has been known for more than 50 years [10]. Commercially available saponins frequently consist of highly heterogeneous preparations of varying composition, sometimes being little more than crude extracts of the bark of the South American soap tree, Quillaja saponaria (Rosaceae), which may be contamined with tannins. The major components, however, are bidesmo-sidic quillaic acid triterpene-saponins [10]. 

The red gum tree of the southern United States exudes a yellowish balsamic liquid or gum from wounds, which is known as storax. It is produced by removing a section of bark and incising the wood in much the same manner as that used for the production of naval stores gum described above. Storax is used in medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations, such as adhesives and salves, and as an incense, in perfuming powders and soaps, and for flavoring tobacco. 

Make a dehydrating dust paint by mixing V4 pound diatomaceous earth with 1 teaspoon of pure liquid soap, like Ivory, and enough water to make a thick slurry. Apply this paint to the lower trunk of a tree to give double protection it shields the bark from the sun and discourages pests. 

Toxic component of the Soap Bark tree (Quil-laja saponaria). Powerful irritant, local anaesthetic and muscular poison, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastroenteritis if taken in large doses internally, headache, vertigo, vomiting, hot skin, rapid feeble pulse, progressive muscular weakness and finally coma and death. 

Constit. of desacylsaponins from the bark of Quillaja saponaria (soap-bark tree). The bark (as saponin crude drug) is used as a detergent, dentrifrice and expectorant. Saponin mixt. exhibits strong adjurant activity and plasma cholesterol lowering effect. 

Saponins have additionally been reported to exhibit adjuvant-active properties. An open cage-like immunostimulating complex of cholesterol, lipid, immunogen, and saponins from bark of Quillaja saponaria MOL. (soap bark tree) has found successful application as an active adjuvant for vaccinatiMi [16]. 

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