Snuffing

The nebulization concept has been known for many years and is commonly used in hair and paint spays and similar devices. Greater control is needed to introduce a sample to an ICP instrument. For example, if the highest sensitivities of detection are to be maintained, most of the sample solution should enter the flame and not be lost beforehand. The range of droplet sizes should be as small as possible, preferably on the order of a few micrometers in diameter. Large droplets contain a lot of solvent that, if evaporated inside the plasma itself, leads to instability in the flame, with concomitant variations in instrument sensitivity. Sometimes the flame can even be snuffed out by the amount of solvent present because of interference with the basic mechanism of flame propagation. For these reasons, nebulizers for use in ICP mass spectrometry usually combine a means of desolvating the initial spray of droplets so that they shrink to a smaller, more uniform size or sometimes even into small particles of solid matter (particulates). 

Piping for snuffing steam injection into a heater firebox is required to help put out a fire if a tube mpture occurs. The snuffing steam isolation valve needs to be located at an accessible spot remote from the heater. Also, a remote fuel shutoff valve should be located adjacent to the snuffing steam valve so that both valves can be accessed quickly in case of fire. 

The vent line must comply with safe practices to prevent flashback and snuffing requirements. 

In applying the requirement for snuffing steam connections, 315°C should be used as an autoignition temperature criterion for typical hydrocarbon streams. 

Nozzles can be installed on the flame arrester honsing for injecting snuffing steam, carbon dioxide, or a suppressant into the arrester to extinguish a standing flame on the arrester element. 

In the literary classic Moby Diek, Herman Melville describes Ishmael s impressions of spermaceti, when he muses that the waxes discharged all their opulence, like fully ripe grapes their wine as I snuffed that uncontaminated aroma—literally and truly, like the smell of spring violets. ... 

The great English herbalist Nicholas Culpepper (16161654) extolled elder by saying, "The juice of the leaves snuffed up into the nostrils purge the tunicles of the brain." In 1644, a book written by Dr. Martin Blockwich called Anatomie of the Elder was... 

Restorative. Rejuvenating to both body and mind, elderberries are a restorative tonic for building the blood back up after childbirth. Elder flowers taken as a tea or snuffed up the nose may also help to restore the sense of smell. Elder flower tea has also been used to restore a person who has fainted. Parts used flowers, berries. 

I took his hand, and with my other snuffed all the candles but one between finger and thumb. Then come to bed, husband. ... 

When the King s messengers arrived at Ludlow, mud-spattered and weary, it was as if they must tell us that the sun were snuffed out. My lord, the King is dead. God save the King ... 

Am I silly—childish—to want to see that shadow bowed over this letter, to hear the scrape of quill on paper, the stamp of horses and the clatter of arms To smell the resin of hot sealing wax, the sweet dryness of a snuffed candle, even, yes, the stench of a prison, the dirty straw and bucket of soil, the fear. .. Is it silly, if it means being able to touch his world and tell his story as I believe it ... 

The earliest archaeological evidence for the use of hallucinogenic snuffs dates to 1500 B.C. in Mesoamerica. Use of tobacco snuffs, from which such use was modeled, however, may date to 5000 B.C. There are probably no animal examples of intranasal self-administration that served as original models for this behavior, although the iconography of snuffing pipes and other paraphernalia is replete with animal symbolism (11). Bird bones were commonly used as early snuffing... 

Fired Heaters Liquid Spill Gas Release NFPA30 1. Hydrants 2. Monitors 3. Snuffing Steam 1. NFPA 24 2. NFPA 24 3. NFPA 86... 

Snuffing Steam - Pressurized steam (water vapor) used to smother and inhibit fire conditions. 

The absurdity of the prohibitionist contention is shown by the experience of London and other European cities. In London any householder or apporeiilly responsible person can buy any drug as easily as if it were cheese and London is not full of raving maniacs, snuffing cocaine at every street corner, in the intervals of burglary, rape, arson, murder, tuu 1 tea so nee in office, and misprision of treason, as we are assured must be the case if a free people are kindly allowed to exercise a little freedom. 

Steam snuffing in solids dryers can also provide effective fire protection. In some cases, the major concern for a fired product dryer may be explosion involving product dust. Where there is a possibility of an internal dust explosion in a product dryer, a fast response explosion suppression system should be considered in addition to fire protection. 

The curandera crushed the leaves with a stone metate, and the liquid was squeezed into cups. These cups were, as a final measure, bathed in copal smoke. Before consuming the potion, the participants were asked to make vows regarding their faith in the truth and holiness of the ceremony. The bitter potion was ingested, and, with the flames of the candles snuffed, the journey began. 

Examples of common safe practices are pressure relief valves, vent systems, flare stacks, snuffing steam and fire water, escape hatches in explosive areas, dikes around tanks storing hazardous materials, turbine drives as spares for electrical motors in case of power failure, and others. Safety considerations are paramount in the layout of the plant, particularly isolation of especially hazardous operations and accessibility for corrective action when necessary. 

Getting cocaine to its site of action within the brain first requires getting adequate amounts of the drug into the blood. Snuffing cocaine by applying it to mucous membranes inside... 

The chronic effects show rapid emaciation and severe psychic disturbances, insomnia, hallucinations, apathy, melancholia, and suicidal mania. The pupils are inconstant. Acne is common. It is claimed that considerable tolerance is acquired, so that the daily hypodermic consumption may reach 2.5 g or even 10 g. Morphinists are relatively tolerant to cocaine. Sudden withdrawal leads to abstinence symptoms similar to morphine. With cocaine snuffing, where smaller amounts are used in intermittent debauches, the chronic effects such as the craving and the abstinence symptoms are proportionately less marked. Such patients develop atrophic rhinitis, with characteristic ulceration of the nasal fossae — also present in people who snuff heroin. 

The opium narcotics used in the U.S. are, particularly, morphine and heroin, especially the former but juveniles definitely prefer heroin. Heroin has greater addiction liability than other narcotics, produces more euphoria and stimulation, requires smaller doses, and is easier to traffic in illicitly. Codeine addiction is rare because the drug produces relatively little euphoria, and is thus less desirable to the potential addict, and because it is quite expensive and bulky in effective amounts. Codeine addicts are usually persons who originally received the drug for clinical purposes. Many narcotic addicts also use cocaine, usually in combination with heroin, and resort to whisky or barbiturate when their supply of narcotic is low. Every conceivable method and route are used to get the narcotic into the body. Morphine and heroin, however, are ordinarily taken hypodermically or intravenously cocaine and heroin are employed by snuffing. The use of galenical preparations of opium is rare in the U.S. Occasionally, however, a paregoric addict is discovered. 

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