Galenical preparations

Internally as expressed juice, tincture, extracts, and other galenical preparations. 

Numerous methods for the alkaloidal assay of lobelia and its galenical preparations have been published and two recent critical surveys, by a special committee of the Society of Public Analysts and by Caulkin, indicate that the process of Markwell is satisfactory. Processes for the isolation and separation of the various alkaloids have been protected by patent. Balandin states that Lobelia sessiliflora contains less alkaloid than L. injiata but yields a high-quality lobeline. 

Analyses of Cinchona Barks. For galenical preparations, pharmacopoeia recognition is usually restricted to barks of cultivated cinchona species known to yield total alkaloids satisfactory in composition thus, the British Pharmacopoeia 1932 prescribes the varieties to be used, and specifies not less than 6 per cent, of total alkaloids, of which at least half must be quinine and cinchonidine, determined by the process prescribed. Numerous other processes have been published and references to the more important of these are given under the following headings —identifica-... 

Sabadilla Seeds. Processes for the isolation of the total alkaloids and separation of the components have been published by Wright and Luff, by Bosetti and by G. Merck. The more modem methods used by Poethke, Saito, Seiferle et al., Jacobs and Craig, and others for the alkaloids of white and green hellebores (see below) could no doubt also be used to advantage for sabadilla seed. A test for galenical preparations of sabadilla has been devised by Ramstad depending on the presence of chelidonie acid in the seed. ... 

The opium narcotics used in the U.S. are, particularly, morphine and heroin, especially the former but juveniles definitely prefer heroin. Heroin has greater addiction liability than other narcotics, produces more euphoria and stimulation, requires smaller doses, and is easier to traffic in illicitly. Codeine addiction is rare because the drug produces relatively little euphoria, and is thus less desirable to the potential addict, and because it is quite expensive and bulky in effective amounts. Codeine addicts are usually persons who originally received the drug for clinical purposes. Many narcotic addicts also use cocaine, usually in combination with heroin, and resort to whisky or barbiturate when their supply of narcotic is low. Every conceivable method and route are used to get the narcotic into the body. Morphine and heroin, however, are ordinarily taken hypodermically or intravenously cocaine and heroin are employed by snuffing. The use of galenical preparations of opium is rare in the U.S. Occasionally, however, a paregoric addict is discovered. 

Medicinal plants are used as either isolated pure active constituents or complex mixtures of various constituents such as infusions, tinctures, extracts, and galenical preparations. The most common methods are partitioning... 

Not all of the products issuing from the Confederate labs were botanical or galenical preparations. The surgeon general, for example, announced in July 1863 that J. Julian Chisolm had commenced the manufacture of blue mass, mercurial ointment, and sweet spirit of nitre at his laboratory in Columbia, South Carolina, and ordered purveyor Blackie to make no more purchases of these articles but rather to requisition them directly from Chiso1m.94... 

Phase diagram of PEG 4000 was recently discussedJ Higher molecular mass PEG are generally used in solid dispersion systems and their melting behavior is relevant for the temperature of galenical preparation... 

Belladonna, hyoscyamus and their galenical preparations contain 0.4 to 1% tropane alkaloids, mainly as hyos-cyamine. 

The method was found not applicable to Hyoscyamus niger or its galenical preparations (59). 

A spectrophotometric assay method for some narcotics and other alkaloids in galenical preparations has been reported (96). 

Tropane alkaloids in galenical preparations (syrups, tablets, suppositories) can be determined colorimetrically after separation on TLC plates (118). 

Emulsions, pharmaceutical Fever remedies Galenical preparations Hormone preparations, except diagnostics Insulin preparations Intravenous solutions Iodine, tincture of Laxatives Liniments Lip balms... 

Barnaulov, O.D., I.G. Boldina, V.V. Galushko, et al. 1979. Pharmacological properties of galenic preparations from the flowers of Filipendula ulrmria. Rastitel nye Resursy 15 399-407. Barnaulov, O.D., TV. Bukreeva, A.A. Kokarev, and A.I. Shevchenko. 1978. Primary evaluation of the spasmolytic properties of some natural compoimds and galenicals. Rastitel nye Resursy 14 573-579. 

Traditional use Used in Iran and other eastern countries as a laxative and antipyretic (Khalmatov 1964). An infusion of the roots is used to treat liver diseases and stomach and duodenal ulcers as well as diuretic. A galenic preparation of the aboveground parts is used to treat colitis, gastritis, stomach ulcers, dysentery, cervical erosion, to heal wounds, to treat inflammation of the ear, nose and throat, as a choleretic, to quench thirst, to reduce sweating and as an antipyretic, antiinflammatory, and cough remedy (Karimov and Shomakhmudov 1993). 

Documented effects Experiments showed that a galenic preparation of this species reduced hypotension (Khahnatov 1964). An alcoholic extract of the seeds increases the tonus of muscles responsible for intestinal contractions. This extract is also used as a laxative to treat constipation (Khodzhimatov 1989). 

Traditional use Leaf powder is used in folk medicine to treat abscesses (furuncles and carbuncles), vitiligo, eczema, and hair loss (Shimanov 1972). The essential oil from the fruits and galenical preparations of the legumes and roots are used to treat skin problems (Mamedov et al. 2004). 

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